Leia a charge a seguir e responda à questão.
Em relação ao trecho “IT’S OK, I’M A DOCTOR”, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I. O médico preocupa-se com o bem-estar do paciente.
II. O médico minimiza a gravidade da doença do paciente.
III. O médico procura conquistar a confiança do paciente.
IV. O médico demonstra autoridade para justificar seu comportamento.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
What is behind a student’s choice for becoming a doctor?
Purpose: To determine the reasons for choosing the medical profession by interviewing freshmen medical students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo and investigating their socio-economic and psychological profiles, as well as to determine whether there are gender differences.
Method: One hundred and sixty three freshmen medical students answered a questionnaire regarding their socio-economical profile. Of those, 30 female and 30 male students underwent a face-to-face interview regarding the career choice, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). The results were analyzed qualitatively and by Mann-Whitney, X2, Fisher’s Exact, and rp coefficient tests.
Results: Most students were middle class, catholic, and had physicians in their families. Students of both genders had made an: early choice of the medical career and persistence in taking exams many times, even after being discouraged. They also showed an awareness of the difficulties and limitations in developing their careers. The study revealed a strong valuation of the humanistic aspects of medicine; openness to new experiences; a deep personal identification with the choice of profession; a critical need for fulfillment in their careers; and conscious and unconscious desires to help people, without being narcissistic. Female students were more sensitive (P < 0.001) and less imaginative (P = 0.005) than male students, who were more utilitarian and less grounded; female students tended to present greater emotional maturity while male students presented a greater tendency towards competition, and were more ambitious.
Conclusions: Students of both genders have similar socio-economical profiles and features regarding their motivations for choosing the medical profession. Slight differences were found regarding some psychological aspects.
Keywords: Medical students. Personality. Career choice. Gender. Education.
(Adaptado de: MILLAN, L. R. et al. What is behind a student’s choice for becoming a doctor? Clinics. v.60. n.2. p.143-150. apr. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322005000200011&lng=en&nrm=iso. Acesso em: 31 maio 2015.)
Com relação ao texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I. Os alunos fizeram opção pela profissão mais precocemente e se mostraram mais perseverantes na busca pela carreira médica do que as alunas.
II. Estudantes de ambos os gêneros manifestaram uma tendência a um comportamento altruísta e uma consciência dos obstáculos da carreira médica.
III. Em comparação com os alunos, as alunas demonstraram maior empatia, maior maturidade emocional, porém são menos criativas.
IV. O estudo indica haver semelhanças entre alunos e alunas de medicina acerca da importância da profissão em suas identidades apesar de sutis diferenças psicológicas.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
What is behind a student’s choice for becoming a doctor?
Purpose: To determine the reasons for choosing the medical profession by interviewing freshmen medical students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo and investigating their socio-economic and psychological profiles, as well as to determine whether there are gender differences.
Method: One hundred and sixty three freshmen medical students answered a questionnaire regarding their socio-economical profile. Of those, 30 female and 30 male students underwent a face-to-face interview regarding the career choice, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). The results were analyzed qualitatively and by Mann-Whitney, X2, Fisher’s Exact, and rp coefficient tests.
Results: Most students were middle class, catholic, and had physicians in their families. Students of both genders had made an: early choice of the medical career and persistence in taking exams many times, even after being discouraged. They also showed an awareness of the difficulties and limitations in developing their careers. The study revealed a strong valuation of the humanistic aspects of medicine; openness to new experiences; a deep personal identification with the choice of profession; a critical need for fulfillment in their careers; and conscious and unconscious desires to help people, without being narcissistic. Female students were more sensitive (P < 0.001) and less imaginative (P = 0.005) than male students, who were more utilitarian and less grounded; female students tended to present greater emotional maturity while male students presented a greater tendency towards competition, and were more ambitious.
Conclusions: Students of both genders have similar socio-economical profiles and features regarding their motivations for choosing the medical profession. Slight differences were found regarding some psychological aspects.
Keywords: Medical students. Personality. Career choice. Gender. Education.
(Adaptado de: MILLAN, L. R. et al. What is behind a student’s choice for becoming a doctor? Clinics. v.60. n.2. p.143-150. apr. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322005000200011&lng=en&nrm=iso. Acesso em: 31 maio 2015.)
No trecho “as well as to determine whether there are gender differences”, as palavras sublinhadas podem ser substituídas, sem alteração de sentido, respectivamente, por
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
What is behind a student’s choice for becoming a doctor?
Purpose: To determine the reasons for choosing the medical profession by interviewing freshmen medical students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo and investigating their socio-economic and psychological profiles, as well as to determine whether there are gender differences.
Method: One hundred and sixty three freshmen medical students answered a questionnaire regarding their socio-economical profile. Of those, 30 female and 30 male students underwent a face-to-face interview regarding the career choice, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). The results were analyzed qualitatively and by Mann-Whitney, X2, Fisher’s Exact, and rp coefficient tests.
Results: Most students were middle class, catholic, and had physicians in their families. Students of both genders had made an: early choice of the medical career and persistence in taking exams many times, even after being discouraged. They also showed an awareness of the difficulties and limitations in developing their careers. The study revealed a strong valuation of the humanistic aspects of medicine; openness to new experiences; a deep personal identification with the choice of profession; a critical need for fulfillment in their careers; and conscious and unconscious desires to help people, without being narcissistic. Female students were more sensitive (P < 0.001) and less imaginative (P = 0.005) than male students, who were more utilitarian and less grounded; female students tended to present greater emotional maturity while male students presented a greater tendency towards competition, and were more ambitious.
Conclusions: Students of both genders have similar socio-economical profiles and features regarding their motivations for choosing the medical profession. Slight differences were found regarding some psychological aspects.
Keywords: Medical students. Personality. Career choice. Gender. Education.
(Adaptado de: MILLAN, L. R. et al. What is behind a student’s choice for becoming a doctor? Clinics. v.60. n.2. p.143-150. apr. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322005000200011&lng=en&nrm=iso. Acesso em: 31 maio 2015.)
Em relação ao texto, assinale a alternativa correta.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
Pharmaceutical industry gets high on fat profits
Pharmaceutical companies have developed the vast majority of medicines known to humankind, but they have profited handsomely from doing so, and not always by legitimate means. Drug companies have been accused of, and admitted to, far worse practices than making money. Until recently, paying bribes to doctors to prescribe their drugs was commonplace at big pharmas, although the practice is now generally frowned upon and illegal in many places. The rules on gifts, educational grants and sponsoring lectures, for example, are less clear cut, and these practices remain commonplace in the US. Indeed a recent study found that doctors in the US receiving payments from pharma companies were twice as likely to prescribe their drugs. This all may change when new rules in the US and UK will force doctors to disclose all gifts and payments made by the industry. Drug companies have also been accused of colluding with chemists to overcharge for their medicines and of publishing trial data that highlight the positive at the expense of the negative. The rewards are so great, it would seem, that pharma companies have continually been prepared to push the boundaries of legality. No wonder, then, that the World Health Organisation (WHO) has talked of the “inherent conflict” between the legitimate business goals of the drug companies and the medical and social needs of the wider public. Indeed the Council of Europe is launching an investigation into “protecting patients and public health against the undue influence of the pharmaceutical industry”. It will look at “particular practices such as sponsoring health professionals by the industry ... or recourse by public health institutions to the knowledge of highly specialised researchers on the pay-rolls of industry”. No matter what the outcome of such investigations, however, the pharmaceutical industry is facing fundamental change, as the traditional model of developing drugs breaks down due to rising costs and scientific advances. The cosy world of big pharmaceuticals is under threat like never before.
(Adaptado de: ANDERSON, R. Pharmaceutical industry gets high on fat profits. BBC News. Online. 6 nov. 2014. Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-28212223. Acesso em: 12 jun. 2015.)
Com relação ao texto, atribua V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) às afirmativas a seguir.
( ) Uma pesquisa constatou que a probabilidade de um médico receitar medicamentos de determinada empresa é duplicada quando ele recebe propina.
( ) As grandes corporações farmacêuticas negam as acusações de conduta antiética e afirmam agir nos limites das leis.
( ) Nos EUA, os incentivos dados aos médicos na forma de bolsas de estudo, presentes e patrocínios são regulamentados.
( ) As investigações promovidas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde acarretarão a mudança dos modos tradicionais de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de drogas.
( ) As indústrias farmacêuticas são acusadas, entre outras coisas, de adulterar dados de experiência para enfatizar aspectos favoráveis dos medicamentos.
Assinale a alternativa que contém, de cima para baixo, a sequência correta.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
Pharmaceutical industry gets high on fat profits
Pharmaceutical companies have developed the vast majority of medicines known to humankind, but they have profited handsomely from doing so, and not always by legitimate means. Drug companies have been accused of, and admitted to, far worse practices than making money. Until recently, paying bribes to doctors to prescribe their drugs was commonplace at big pharmas, although the practice is now generally frowned upon and illegal in many places. The rules on gifts, educational grants and sponsoring lectures, for example, are less clear cut, and these practices remain commonplace in the US. Indeed a recent study found that doctors in the US receiving payments from pharma companies were twice as likely to prescribe their drugs. This all may change when new rules in the US and UK will force doctors to disclose all gifts and payments made by the industry. Drug companies have also been accused of colluding with chemists to overcharge for their medicines and of publishing trial data that highlight the positive at the expense of the negative. The rewards are so great, it would seem, that pharma companies have continually been prepared to push the boundaries of legality. No wonder, then, that the World Health Organisation (WHO) has talked of the “inherent conflict” between the legitimate business goals of the drug companies and the medical and social needs of the wider public. Indeed the Council of Europe is launching an investigation into “protecting patients and public health against the undue influence of the pharmaceutical industry”. It will look at “particular practices such as sponsoring health professionals by the industry ... or recourse by public health institutions to the knowledge of highly specialised researchers on the pay-rolls of industry”. No matter what the outcome of such investigations, however, the pharmaceutical industry is facing fundamental change, as the traditional model of developing drugs breaks down due to rising costs and scientific advances. The cosy world of big pharmaceuticals is under threat like never before.
(Adaptado de: ANDERSON, R. Pharmaceutical industry gets high on fat profits. BBC News. Online. 6 nov. 2014. Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-28212223. Acesso em: 12 jun. 2015.)
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta, corretamente, o principal objetivo da notícia.