Questões de Inglês - Vocabulary - Social issues
Texto - Influence on Others - Part I
Not only was Pelé a symbol of Brazil, he was a symbol within the
structures of Brazilian society. At this time in Brazil as Galeano descri-
bes, “in the global social pyramid, blacks are at the bottom and whites
are at the top. In Brazil this 1s called “racial democracy” (1) This social
hierarchy was rigid in Brazil, like in so many countries, and few of those
born on the lower end of the chain were able to navigate their way to
the top. Some of the rare few who could climb the social ladder were
athletes who gained fame and status, both social and economic, through
their athletic prowess.
Clearly Pelé was such an athlete. Galeano comments: “With the
passage of time, the old soccer mutilated by racism gave way to splen-
dor of its diverse colors. And after so many years it is obvious that
Brazil's best players have always been blacks or mulattos. All of them
came up from poverty, soccer offers a shot at social mobility for a poor
child”(2) Pelé's ascent from birth into a poor Brazilian family to beco-
ming an international superstar was evidence of the socially-mobilizing
tool of football.
To other poor Brazilians, Pelé was a source of hope and confidence
that they too could overcome their hardships. Journalist Joao Luiz de
Albuquerque said of Pelé's impact: “He was the light at the end of the
tunnel. All the poor said, “hey, this guy made it, I can make it.” He
brought the rest of Brazil with him:”(3).
• (1) Galeano, Eduardo. Soccer in Sun and Shadow. London UK: Verso 1998. Page 43.
• (2) Galeano 43
• (3)Kirby espn.com. Also on this topic: Murray, Bill. The World's Game: A history of Soccer. University of Illinois Press: Chicago 1996. Page 120.
From: https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/rescarch-projects/brazil/pele/influence-on-others/. Accessed on 01/11/2023
A rigidez da hierarquia social no Brasil tem feito com que:
As more than a million people struggle to rebuild their lives in flood-affected parts of Mozambique following Cyclone Idai, emergency teams with the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) have started medical response activities.
“The cyclone has left a path of devastation with thousands of houses destroyed, which has left the community vulnerable and exposed to the elements,” said Gert Verdonck, MSF’s emergency coordinator in Beira. “The supply chain has been broken, creating food, clean water, and health care shortages. The scale of extreme damage will likely lead to a dramatic increase of waterborne diseases, skin infections, respiratory tract infections, and malaria in the coming days and weeks. Furthermore, the local health system and its regular services, such as HIV treatment and maternal health care, have also been disrupted.”
Having no access to clean drinking water, many people have no option but to drink from contaminated wells. “Some people are even resorting to drinking stagnant water by the side of the road. This, of course, results in an increase of patients suffering from diarrhea” Verdonck said. More recently, following the Mozambique’s official declaration of cholera, MSF is scaling up activities to treat people suffering from the disease and help curb its spread.
Outside of the health centers, MSF is running mobile clinics to provide primary health care to the most affected communities. These teams are visiting poorer areas of Beira and also some of the 37 transit centers where those whose homes have been destroyed and those who were rescued from flooded areas outside of Beira are sheltering.
To date, the mobile clinics have primarily treated cases of diarrhea, respiratory infections, skin and wound infections. When patients are in need of more substantial medical care, MSF transports them to the hospital or to a nearby health center.
Disponível em: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org. Acesso em: abr. 2019. Adaptado.
The word or expression from the text has been correctly defined in
As more than a million people struggle to rebuild their lives in flood-affected parts of Mozambique following Cyclone Idai, emergency teams with the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) have started medical response activities.
“The cyclone has left a path of devastation with thousands of houses destroyed, which has left the community vulnerable and exposed to the elements,” said Gert Verdonck, MSF’s emergency coordinator in Beira. “The supply chain has been broken, creating food, clean water, and health care shortages. The scale of extreme damage will likely lead to a dramatic increase of waterborne diseases, skin infections, respiratory tract infections, and malaria in the coming days and weeks. Furthermore, the local health system and its regular services, such as HIV treatment and maternal health care, have also been disrupted.”
Having no access to clean drinking water, many people have no option but to drink from contaminated wells. “Some people are even resorting to drinking stagnant water by the side of the road. This, of course, results in an increase of patients suffering from diarrhea” Verdonck said. More recently, following the Mozambique’s official declaration of cholera, MSF is scaling up activities to treat people suffering from the disease and help curb its spread.
Outside of the health centers, MSF is running mobile clinics to provide primary health care to the most affected communities. These teams are visiting poorer areas of Beira and also some of the 37 transit centers where those whose homes have been destroyed and those who were rescued from flooded areas outside of Beira are sheltering.
To date, the mobile clinics have primarily treated cases of diarrhea, respiratory infections, skin and wound infections. When patients are in need of more substantial medical care, MSF transports them to the hospital or to a nearby health center.
Disponível em: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org. Acesso em: abr. 2019. Adaptado.
According to Gert Verdonck, poor people in Beira
TEXTO:
Bigger yet Better
On ‘magic island,’ a virtuous cycle began with a ban on heavy industry
One of the sad truths of the developing
world is that an urban population boom has
so often been bad news. From Jakarta to Rio
de Janeiro, more people have typically meant
[5] more ghettoes, more crime, and less economic
life. That’s one reason urbanites in big cities are
moving to places like Florianópolis, an island city 700
kilometers south of São Paulo, where bigger doesn’t
always mean worse.
[10] Between 1970 and 2004, Florianópolis’s
population tripled. So did the number of slums. But
the local economy grew fivefold, and incomes grew
in step. Opportunity seekers, urban and rural, white
collar and blue, arrived in large groups. With a hundred or so
[15] beaches lining the “magic island,” tourism is thriving.
And while many Brazilian cities are struggling to
graduate from smokestacks to services, Florianópolis
is succeeding. Thanks in part to a federal rule that for
decades barred heavy industry on the island, town
[20] officials promoted cleaner public works, and now it
has a network of public and private universities that
make this one of the most scholarly cities in Brazil.
To tend to the demanding academic crowd, the city
invested heavily in everything from roads to schools,
[25] and now Florianópolis ranks high on every development
measure, from literacy (97%) to electrification (near
100%). By the late 1990s, private companies were
flocking to the island, or emerging from a technology
“incubator” at the federal university. (Among its
[30] innovations: the computerized voting machines that
have made Brazilian elections fraud-free and efficient.)
Local officials now say their goal is to be the Silicon
Valley of Brazil, with beaches. Don’t count them out.
MARGOLIS, Mac. Newsweek, New York, p. 56July 3/10 s.d Adaptado.
When the author says, “Don’t count them out.” (l. 33), he conveys the idea of
Observe o contexto semântico das palavras a seguir, inseridas no texto, e assinale sua tradução, na ordem em que se apresentam.
Warming
Changes
Increased
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Police in England and Wales consider making misogyny a hate crime
Mark Townsend
September 10, 2016
Police forces across England and Wales are considering expanding their definition of hate crime to include misogyny (hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women, or prejudice against women) after an experiment in one city that saw more than 20 investigations launched in two months.
The initial success of Nottingham’s crackdown against sexist abuse has drawn national interest after the city’s police revealed that they investigated a case of misogyny every three days during July and August, the first months to see specially trained officers targeting behaviour ranging from street harassment to unwanted physical approaches.
Several other forces have confirmed they are sending representatives to Nottingham this month to discuss the introduction of misogyny as a hate crime. Police and campaigners said the initial figures were broadly in line with other categories of hate crime such as Islamophobia and antisemitism but were likely to rise significantly as awareness increased.
Dave Alton, the hate crime manager for Nottingham police, said: “The number of reports we are receiving is comparable with other, more established, categories of hate crime. We have received numerous reports and have been able to provide a service to women in Nottinghamshire who perhaps would not have approached us six months ago. The reality is that all of the reports so far have required some form of police action.”
(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo – The initial success of Nottingham’s crackdown against sexist abuse... –, o termo destacado em negrito tem sentido equivalente, em português, a
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