Questões de Inglês - Vocabulary - Word formation - Suffixes
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Switzerland’s mysterious fourth language
Despite Romansh being one of Switzerland’s four national languages, less than 0.5% percent of Swiss can answer that question – “Do you speak Romansh?” – with a “yes”. Romansh is a Romance language indigenous to Switzerland’s largest canton, Graubünden, located in the south-eastern corner of the country. In the last one hundred years, the number of Romansh speakers has fallen 50% to a meagre 60,000. Travellers in the canton can still see Romansh on street signs, or hear it in restaurants when they’re greeted with “Allegra!” (Welcome in). But nearly 40% of Romansh speakers have left the area for better job opportunities and it’s rare that you will see or hear Romansh outside the canton. In such a small country, can a language spoken by just a sliver of the population survive, or is it as doomed as the dinosaur and dodo?
Language exists to convey a people’s culture to the next generation, so it makes sense that the Swiss are protective of Romansh. When the world loses a language, as it does every two weeks, we collectively lose the knowledge from past generations. “Language is a salient and important expression of cultural identity, and without language you will lose many aspects of the culture,” said Dr Gregory Anderson, Director of the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages.
Without the Romansh language, who is to say if customs like Chalandamarz, an ancient festival held each 1 March to celebrate the end of winter and coming of spring, will endure; or if traditional local recipes like capuns – spätzle wrapped in greens – will be forgotten? “Romansh contributes in its own way to a multilingual Switzerland,” says Daniel Telli, head of the Unit Lingua. “And on a different level, the death of a language implies the loss of a unique way to see and describe the world.”
(Dena Roché. www.bbc.com, 28.06.2018. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “nearly 40% of Romansh speakers”, a palavra sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
TEXTO
Can eating meat be eco-friendly?
Every year we raise and eat 65 billion animals, that’s nine animals for every person on the globe, and it’s having a major impact on our planet.
(...)
I like eating meat but I know that my food preferences, and those of a few billion fellow carnivores, comes at a cost. Nearly a third of the Earth’s ice-free land surface is already devoted to raising the animals we either eat or milk. Roughly 30% of the crops we grow are fed to animals. The latest UN Food and Agriculture Organisation reports suggest livestock are responsible for 14.5% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions - the same amount produced by all the world’s cars, planes, boats and trains.
(...)
The problem lies in what the cows eat. Unlike most mammals, cattle can live on a diet of grass, thanks to the trillions of microbes that live in their many stomachs. These microbes break down the cellulose in grass into smaller, nutritious molecules that the cows digest, but while doing so the microbes also produce huge amounts of explosive methane gas which the cows burp out.
Fonte: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28858289. Acesso em 27/08/2014. Adaptado.
O sufixo –er na palavra smaller (último parágrafo) tem a mesma função morfológica que o sufixo –er em qual das seguintes palavras?
Against Death Penalty
[1] Those who judge and condemn, say that capital
punishment is necessary. Firstly, because it is necessary to
remove from the social community a member who has
[4] already injured it, and might injure it even more. If that is all,
a life sentence would suffice. What is the use of bringing
death? You may argue that one might escape from jail —
[7] keep better watch, then! Let there be no executioner where
the jailer suffices.
One might also say society must avenge itself,
[10]society must punish. Neither one nor the other: vengeance is
an individual act, and punishment belongs to God. Society is
between the two; punishment is above it, vengeance is
[13] beneath it. Nothing so great or so small should be in its
sphere. Society should not punish in order to avenge itself; it
should correct, in order to improve!
[16] The third and last reason remains, the theory of
examples. It is imperative to set examples. By the sight of the
fate inflicted on criminals, we must shock those who might
[19] otherwise be tempted to imitate them! Well; above all, we
deny the power of the example. We deny that the spectacle of
torment produces the desired effect. Rather than edifying the
[22] common people, it demoralizes them and blunts in them all
sensibility.
Victor Hugo. Le dernier jour d’un condamné, Paris, Eugène Renduel, 1832. pp XXII e XXIII (adapted).
According to the text above, judge the following item.
In “executioner” (l.7) and “jailer” (l.8), both words present the suffix “-er”, which also appears in teacher, and which conveys the idea of someone who performs such an activity or has such an occupation.
Considering the linguistics aspects presented in the infographic, we verify that
TEXT
By using animation, this poster uses humor and an exaggerated depiction of a workplace encounter to promote behavior change. In the phrase “Everyone loves a quitter”, the word “quitter” refers to
Read the text and answer the questions as follows.
A top FBI official told a drone conference in Denver that criminals deliberately flew several small drones to block the rescue team's view of an unfolding situation.
The drones caused the FBI to lose sight of the attacker.
"We were then blind," Joseph Mazel, the FBI's operational technology law unit chief, told the AUVSI drone conference.
According to military news site Defense One, which attended the conference, the hostage situation occurred over the winter in the outskirts of a large US city.
The FBI had set up an elevated observation post to monitor the hostage situation, and suddenly drones appeared, carrying out a series of "high-speed low passes at the agents in the observation post to flush them [out]," Mr Mazel said.
Criminal use of drones is rising, and the most popular use for unmanned aerial vehicles is for the smuggling of smartphones and drugs into prisons, according to the National Police Chiefs' Council (NPCC).
However, the law enforcement body is concerned that criminals could also use drones in other ways.
"As part of any operational planning for public events, police are now considering the malicious use of drones and how they will counter that risk," an NPCC spokesman told the BBC.
"From news reports, practical experience and events within the prison service, quite clearly we're seeing an increasing risk in drone usage, and that's why as an organisation we're doing something about it. "
In 2015, it was reported that criminals were using drones to scope out potential burglary targets in Suffolk, and, in 2017, news site Vice made a video documentary about people who were using heat-seeking drones to steal marijuana from illegal farms hidden in residential properties.
And in the US, drones are increasingly being used by criminal enterprises.
"I talk to a lot of people in the drone industry, and we've heard of the Mexican drug cartels using drones for at least 10 years to smuggle drugs across the border," Jeffrey Antonelli, a lead attorney specialising in drone and BitTorrent litigation at Antonelli Law told the BBC.
(Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-44003860, Accessed on May 5th, 2018).w
The suffix -ing in English sometimes can indicate that a word is playing the role of an adjective in a particular nominal group. Which of the words in bold does not play this role in the text?