Questões de Inglês - Grammar - Adjectives - Possessive
6 Questões
TEXTO:
Scientists are one step closer to delaying aging By Amy Woodyatt, CNN
Updated 2305 GMT (0705 HKT) July 21, 2020
(CNN)Getting old is inevitable, but scientists at
the University of California San Diego (UCSD) may
be one step closer to being able to delay the aging
process.
[5] A team of scientists studied aging in yeast —
chosen because its cells are easily manipulated — to
try to understand if different cells age at the same rate,
and for the same reason.
What they found was intriguing. Even cells
[10] made of the same genetic materials and within the
same environment aged in "strikingly distinct ways,"
according to the scientists, who published their
findings in the journal Science.
About half of the yeast cells aged because of a
[15] gradual decline in the nucleolus, a round body located
in the nucleus of a cell, the scientists learned, by
using techniques including microfluidics and computer
modeling.
However, the other half aged because of a
[20] dysfunction of mitochondria, which produce a cell's
energy.
Scientists said that the cells go down one of two
paths — nuclear or mitochondrial — early in life, and
they continue with the aging route until they ultimately
[25] decline and die.
Researchers performed further tests to
understand how the cells behaved.
"To understand how cells make these decisions,
we identified the molecular processes underlying
[30] each aging route and the connections among them,
revealing a molecular circuit that controls cell aging,
analogous to electric circuits that control home
appliances," said Nan Hao, senior author of the study
and an associate professor in UCSD's division of
[35] biological sciences' molecular biology section.
After modeling the "aging landscape," the team
of researchers found they could manipulate — and
optimize — the process of aging, using computer
simulations to reprogram the master circuit and modify
[40] its DNA.
They were then able to create a "novel aging
route," with a dramatically extended lifespan. This,
researchers believe, could ultimately lead to the
possibility of delaying human aging.
[45] "This is an aging path that never existed, but
because we understand how it is regulated, we can
basically design or a new aging path," Hao.
Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/21/health/slowaging-intl-scli-scn/index.html. Acesso em: 6 out 2021.
Based on language aspects, one may say that
Read Text to answer question.
The author who wrote verses from the "depths of the trifling", as it features in a poem and one of his books, poet Manoel de Barros died on Thursday morning, November 13th, aged 97, in Campo Grande, in Mato Grosso do Sul state. He had been in intensive care for over a week after he undergone surgery for bowel obstruction. According to the hospital he died due to multiple organ failure.
Manoel de Barros was born in Cuiabá and throughout his life he wrote 18 poetry books, in addition to children's books and autobiographical accounts. He received a number of literary prizes, two of which were Jabuti prizes (Tortoise prizes) - one in 1989 for "O Guardador de Águas" and in 2002 for "O Fazedor do Amanhecer".
Barros used to say that "poetry is not supposed to be understood, it is supposed to be incorporated. Understanding it creates a wall. One ought to try to be a tree." "Manoel de Barros was a philosopher who liked to think and rethink the world through poetry", Mozambique born writer Mia Couto, has said. Eucanaã Ferraz has said that Barros "was wise and surfaced already as an essential author".
Almost half a century went by until his debut in literature: "Poemas Concebidos Sem Pecado" was published in 1937 almost in handmade style, with 21 copies. The greatest publishing of his works only came in the second half of the 1980s, thanks to the efforts of admirers such as Brazilian writers Millôr Fernanddes and Antonio Houaiss, for whom he was often compared to Saint Francis of Assissi "in his humility before everything".
Even after his tardy success as one of the greatest Brazilian writers of his generation, he stayed true to his origins. He lived in Corumbá in Mato Grosso do Sul state, with stints in Rio de Janeiro and New York. Since the end of the 1970s, he lived in Campo Grande with his wife, Stella and their daughter, Martha.
(FONTE: Adaptado. Disponível em: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en /culture/2014/11/1548038-brazilian-poetmanoel-de-barros-dies-aged-97.shtml. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2019).
Choose the right alternative that expresses in which grammar focus the highlighted words is:
“Even after his tardy success as one of the greatest Brazilian writers of his generation, he stayed true to his origins. He lived in Corumbá in Mato Grosso do Sul state, with stints in Rio de Janeiro and New York. Since the end of the 1970s, he lived in Campo Grande with his wife, Stella and their daughter, Martha.”
Everywhere you look you‘ll find surveys and questionnaires in magazines, newspaper articles, best-selling books, TV shows… all giving one clear message: women and men are different.
Apparently, we can‘t get along because we communicate too differently. We don‘t understand each other. Women think one thing, men think another. A woman is cooperative, a man is competitive. Women are good communicators, and can relate to people well, whereas men are more action-oriented and driven by results. A woman can do several things at once, but a man prefers to do one task at a time. If you believe everything you read, women even have a stronger sense of smell and of touch. The list of differences goes on and on.
However, psychologist Dr. Janet S. Hyde claims that the differences between men and women area exaggerated. She reviewed 46 studies of gender difference, going back 20 years, and found that there are far more similarities than differences between men and women. In fact, Dr. Hyde‘s results show that there are very few differences in the way we think, act and communicate. What‘s more, she warns that claims of gender difference actually have a negative impact on women, both in the workplace and in their relationships with their husbands or boyfriends.
Girls also suffer the consequences of these claims. For example, girls studying in school are not always encouraged to think that they can succeed in math the same way that many boys are. This is because people often believe media claims that girls aren‘t as good at math as boys. Perhaps it‘s time to celebrate what bring us together, rather than focus on what divides us.
(In: Breakthrough Plus. CRAVEN, Miles. Macmillan Education, 2013. Adaptado.)
The word THEIR (paragraph 3) in the sentence ―… both in the workplace and in their relationships with their husbands or boyfriends‖ is a
Bribery, the act of promising, giving, receiving, or agreeing to receive money or some other item of value with the corrupt aim of influencing a public official in the discharge of his official duties. When money has been offered or promised in exchange for a corrupt act, the official involved need not actually accomplish that act for the offense of bribery to be complete.
Although bribery originally involved interference with judges, its definition has since been expanded to include actions by all sorts of government officials, from the local to the national level, and to cover all public employees. Special provisions also have been enacted in various jurisdictions to punish the bribing of voters, jurors, witnesses, and other lay participants in official proceedings. Some codes also penalize bribery in designated classes of private or commercial transactions.
(Adapted from: BRIBERY. In: Britannica Online. Enciclopaedia Britannica, 2014. Web, 2014. Source: . Accessed on: Oct. 9th. 2014.)
Choose the alternative in which the information about the words in the encyclopedic entry is correct.
The Vestibular (from Portuguese: vestíbulo, "entrance hall") is a competitive examination and is the primary and widespread entrance system used by Brazilian universities to select their students. The Vestibular usually takes place from November to January, right before the start of school year in February or March, although certain universities hold it every semester. The exams often span several days, usually three, with different disciplines being tested each day. Origin
The Vestibular was implanted primarily as a way to prevent nepotism or some other form of unfair or beneficial selection of candidates. It was considered by law the only authorized selection method until 1996, when the new Education Law was passed.
Criticism
While the Vestibular is generally considered to be a fair and unbiased system to select students, there are controversies.
There is some criticism to the alleged standardization of the high school curriculum for the whole country to match the Vestibular agenda. As most types of academic evaluation, the vestibular suffers from the same limitations as a regular test; that is, factors such as stress come into play. It also seems to favor candidates that come from a wealthier background, who had access to better and deeper education in private schools, as opposed to the comparatively poor public high school educational system, although many university boards claim that it doesn\\'t matter which background the candidates have, since their Vestibular aims to select the best students based solely on their knowledge. To ease this problem, some universities such as the Federal University of Minas Gerais, provide a 10– 15% bonus for students who received their middle and high education in public schools. There is also the alternative of taking classes at cram schools called cursinhos. Those are revisions of Vestibular subjects, given through periods of 9 months (the regular year-long one), 6 months (the semi-intensive one), and 3 months (known as intensive). These "cursinhos" are given usually for the most prestigious schools and can be done after concluding high school or as a complement of the last year of it.
(Disponível em: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular)
The word “their” (first paragraph) is
In 1969 the world had its eyes turned to what was undoubtedly to become a historical feat: the first human being setting foot on the moon. However, in that same year something else of much importance was happening as well: the Internet was coming into being.
Usually when we think of a historical feat, we think of something big, like the first voyage to the moon. But more often than not, we find that the most meaningful events in history spring from what is
INGLÊS
viewed in their time as an unimportant fact. A case in point is exactly what the figure above represents: the birth of the Internet.
It is difficult to pinpoint the exact moment when the Internet was born. The World Wide Web is indeed the result of a number of interrelated events that can be traced back to the first artificial satellite – the Russian (then Soviet) Sputnik – being put into orbit around the earth back in the 1950’s. But it was in l969 that “… four host computers were connected together into the initial ARPANET, and the budding Internet was off the ground”. The diagram above shows the first four places ever linked via the Internet which was then called the ARPANET. They are US organizations: the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Stanford Research Institute (SRI), the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) and the University of Utah (UTAH).
Little by little the Internet started spreading everywhere because of new technological advancements and today it is so important that our lives would not be the same without it. Of course going to the moon was an extremely important event as well, a real historical feat, but the birth of the Internet has proved to be the most significant historical fact, and feat, in the recent past of the history of mankind.
(MITRANO-NETO, N; LOUREIRO, M; ANTUNES, Alice M. Insight. Richmond Publishing Editora. São Paulo, 2004. Adaptado.)
till analyzing the word “it” in the last paragraph, we can say that
I. the first “it” is a subject pronoun.
II. the second “it” is an object pronoun.
III. both are personal pronouns.
IV. the first “it” is a possessive adjective.
V. the second “it” is a possessive pronoun.
It is CORRECT
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