Questões de Inglês - Grammar

In the title of the text, the modal verb SHOULD conveys the idea of:

Text 6

There are more than five million cubic miles of ice on Earth, and no one really knows how long it would take to melt it all. Probably more than 5,000 years, some scientists say. But if we burn all the coal, oil, and gas, adding some five trillion more tons of carbon to the atmosphere, we’ll very likely create an ice-free planet. It ___________ be a hot planet, with an average temperature of perhaps 80 degrees Fahrenheit instead of the current 58. (…)

(If All the Ice Melted. National Geographic, September, 2013. Adaptado.)

Cross-cultural Issues and Diverse Belief, 

Douglas S. Diekema MD, MPH 

  Patients may bring cultural, religious and  

ideological beliefs with them as they enter into a  

relationship with the physician. Occasionally, these  

beliefs may challenge or conflict with what the physician  

[5] believes to be good medical care. Understanding  

and respecting the beliefs of the patient represents  

an important part of establishing and maintaining a  

therapeutic relationship. While the principle of respect  

for autonomy requires that a physician respect the  

[10] medical decisions of a competent adult patient, in  

cases of surrogate decision-making, the physician  

has an independent duty to guard the interests of the  

patient. 

  Why is it important to respect what appears to me  

[15] to be idiosyncratic beliefs? 

  Respecting the beliefs and values of your patient  

is an important part of establishing an effective  

therapeutic relationship. Failure to take those beliefs  

seriously can undermine the patient’s ability to trust  

[20] you as her physician. It may also encourage persons  

with non-mainstream cultural or religious beliefs to  

avoid seeking medical care when they need it. 

  What are some ways to discover well known sets  

of beliefs? 

[25]   There are many groups that share common sets  

of beliefs. These belief systems may be based on  

shared religions, ethnicity, or ideology. Knowledge  

of these beliefs and the reasonable range of  

interpretation of doctrine should be very helpful in  

[30] deciding if unusual beliefs should be respected. Good  

resources for guidance in this area include patients  

and family members themselves, staff members with  

personal knowledge or experience, hospital chaplains,  

social workers, and interpreters. Unusual beliefs that  

[35] fall outside known belief systems should prompt more  

in-depth discussions to insure they are reasonable. 

  It is important to explore each individual’s beliefs,  

as shared membership in a particular religious or  

cultural group does not necessarily entail identical  

[40] belief systems. 

  What is my responsibility when a patient  

endangers her health by refusing a treatment? 

  Adults have a moral and legal right to make  

decisions about their own health care, including the  

[45] right to refuse treatments that may be life-saving.  

The physician has a responsibility to make sure that  

the patient understands the possible and probable  

outcomes of refusing the proposed treatment. The  

physician should attempt to understand the basis for  

[50] the patient’s refusal and address those concerns and  

any misperceptions the patient may have. In some  

cases, enlisting the aid of a leader in the patient’s  

cultural or religious community may be helpful. 

  Can parents refuse to provide their children with  

[55] necessary medical treatment on the basis of their  

beliefs? 

  Parents have legal and moral authority to make  

health care decisions for their children, as long  

as those decisions do not pose a significant risk of  

[60] serious harm to the child’s health. Parents should not  

be permitted to deny their children medical care when  

that medical care is likely to prevent substantial harm  

or suffering. If necessary, the physician may need  

to pursue a court order or seek the involvement of  

[65] child protective services in order to provide treatment  

against the wishes of the parents. Nevertheless, the  

physician must always take care to show respect  

for the family’s beliefs and a willingness to discuss  

reasonable alternatives with the family. 

[70]   What kinds of treatment can parents choose not  

to provide to their children? 

  Parents have the right to refuse medical  

treatments when doing so does not place the child  

at significant risk of substantial harm or suffering.  

[75] For example, parents have the right to refuse routine  

immunizations for their children on religious or cultural  

grounds. 

  Can a patient demand that I provide them with a  

form of treatment that I am uncomfortable providing? 

[80]   A physician is not morally obligated to provide  

treatment modalities that they do not believe offer a  

benefit to the patient or which may harm the patient.  

Physicians should also not offer treatments that  

they do not feel competent to provide or prescribe.  

[85] However, it is important to take the patient’s request  

seriously, consider accommodating requests that  

will not harm the patient or others, and attempt to  

formulate a plan that would be acceptable to both the  

physician and patient. 

Available at: . Retrieved on: July 3rd, 2017. Adapted.

In the fragment of the text “Knowledge of these beliefs and the reasonable range of interpretation of doctrine should be very helpful” (lines 27-29), the modal should conveys an idea of

Great care should be exercised not to prescribe… (l. 28-29)

The fragment below that contains an expression with the same semantic meaning of should in the sentence above is the following:

Which of the alternatives below are acceptable in English?