Questões de Inglês - Grammar

Directions: Answer question according to the text.

TEXT

    Many parents are concerned with their child’s
seemingly obsessive video game play. Fortnite, the
most recent gaming phenomenon, has taken the world
by storm and has parents asking if the shooter game is
[5] okay for kids. The short answer is yes, Fortnite is
generally fine. Furthermore, parents can breathe easier
knowing that research suggests gaming (on its own)
does not cause disorders like addiction.
    However, there’s more to the story. A
[10] comprehensive answer to the question of whether video
games are prejudicial must take into account other
factors, and parents need to understand why kids play,
as well as when to worry and when to relax.
    The word “addiction” gets tossed around quite
[15] a bit these days, but if it isn’t causing serious harm and
disorder to daily function, it isn’t an addiction. Parents
may worry that their kids are addicted, but if the children
can pull themselves away from a game to join the family
for a conversation over dinner and shows interest in
[20] other activities, like sports or socializing with friends,
then they are not addicted.
    Generally, parents panic when their kid’s video
game playing comes at the expense of doing other
things, like studying or helping around the house. But
[25] let’s be honest, kids have been avoiding these activities
for ages. Equally true is the fact that parents have been
complaining about their unhelpful children well before the
first video game was plugged into its socket.
    In fact, moderate video game play has been
[30] shown to be beneficial. A study conducted at Oxford by
Dr. Andrew Przybylski revealed that playing about one
hour per day improved psychological well-being, while
when taken to an extreme, playing over three hours per
day, was correlated with less well-being.
[35]    The real question should be what is it about
the special attraction of gaming that makes it the
preferred pastime of so many millions of kids? What
makes it so difficult for even non-addicted kids to step
away from video games sometimes? The answer has to
[40] do with the way games address basic psychological
needs.
    Fortnite, like any well-designed video game,
satisfies what we are all looking for. According to Drs.
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, people need three
[45] things to flourish. We look for competence — the need
for mastery, progression, achievement, and growth. We
seek autonomy — the need for volition and freedom of
control over our choice. And finally, we look for
relatedness — the need to feel like we matter to others,
[50] and that others matter to us. Unfortunately, when
considering the state of modern childhood, many kids
aren’t getting enough of these three essential elements.
    School, where kids spend most of their waking
hours, is in many ways the antithesis of a place where
[55] kids feel competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
There, kids are told what to do, where to be, what to
think, what to wear, and what to eat. While some argue
that discipline and control provide structure, it’s clear
why teachers and students might struggle with
[60] motivation in the classroom.
    Gamers feel competence when they practice
strengths to reach their goals. In a game, players have
the autonomy to call the shots, do what they want, and
experiment with creative strategies to solve problems.
[65] Games are also social outlets where players can feel
relatedness. In Fortnite, for example, players often
meet in the virtual environment to chat and socialize,
because doing so in the real world is often inconvenient
or off limits.
[70]    Of course, none of this is to say video games
are a good substitution — quite the opposite. No game 

can give a child the feeling of competence that comes
from accomplishing a difficult task or learning a new
skill on their own accord. Fortnite can’t compete with
[75] the exhilaration that comes from the autonomy of
exploring reality, where a child is free to ask questions
and unlock mysteries in the real world. No social media
site can give a kid the sense of relatedness, safety, and
warmth that comes from an adult who loves that child
[80] unconditionally just the way they are, no matter what,
and takes the time to tell them so.
    Some kids suffer from gaming disorders, but
such dependencies are often combined with preexisting
conditions, including problems with impulse control. For
[85] most children, however, parents understanding the
deeper truth behind what kids are getting out of games
empowers them to take steps to give their children
more of what they need. Video games are this
generation’s outlet, and some kids use them as a tool to
[90] escape the same way some of us use our own flavor of
dissociative devices to tune out reality for a while.

(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com. Access on March 25th, 2021)

Glossary:
1. to toss around – to discuss possibilities or new ideas
2. to step away – to not become involved with something
3. to flourish – to grow or develop successfully
4. volition – the power to make your own decision
5. exhilaration – excitement and happiness
6. to call the shots – to be in position to decide
7. outlet – a way in which emotions, energy or abilities can be expressed or made use of
8. to tune out – to stop paying attention to something or someone

Directions: Read the text below and answer question according to it.

SOME OF THE INTERNET'S CRAZIEST CONSPIRACY THEORIES

Michael Jackson Is Still Alive

  The advent of the internet hasn't just cooked up¹

new conspiracy theories, it's also accelerated existing

ones. If you refuse to believe that it was the Iranians that

[5] killed him, perhaps you'll be convinced that MJ is actually

still alive. Proof? His own daughter Paris Jackson took a

photo of him. Seriously. What do you mean you don't

see him? He's right there in the back seat, stacked²

under that pile of clothes wearing his iconic hat. Believe,

[10] man. Thriller Vol.2 to drop next year.

    The Moon Doesn't Exist

  It's no good looking at it, night after night. The

moon doesn't exist. It's a hologram, put there by persons

unknown. Of course, serial conspiracy theorist David

[15] Icke has a theory. There are also countless YouTubers

keeping an eye out, one of whom has gone as far as

"looking at it regularly for a year".

    Jay Z Is A Time-Travelling Vampire

  There are vast regions of the internet devoted to

[20] explaining why Jay Z is part of the Illuminati. Hence³

when this photo, which was taken in New York in 1939,

appeared last year, he was accused of being a timetraveller.

And a vampire. This video lists other old-time

celebrity lookalikes⁴, as well as suggesting that

[25] Hollywood stars don't age because they're the immortal

bloodsucking undead. Not because they're stuffed⁵ with

botox, then?

    The Earth Is Hollow

  Don't give up, readers. We're halfway through

[30] this list. We can make it to the end. Dig⁶ deep. Well, not

too deep. You see, the Earth is hollow⁷ and accessible

via portals at the north and south poles. Luckily though,

it's quite habitable down there, providing excellent living

quarters⁸ for the lost Viking colonies of Greenland and

[35] the Nazis, while "aliens" are in fact just visitors from the

subterranean areas.

    Siri Can Predict The Apocalypse

  Amazing as it may seem, given that it can't do

anything else you actually ask it to do, Siri can predict

[40] the apocalypse. When asked "What day is 27th July

2014?", Apple's assistant replied, "The opening of the

gate of Hades", aka⁹ The End Of The World. That date

has now passed without issue¹⁰. Say what you like about

the maligned MS Office paperclip, but at least he didn't

[45] scaremonger¹¹ that the end was near.

    We All Live In The Matrix And Billionaires Want To Break Us Out Of It

  The New Yorker’s Tad Friend claims that many

people in Silicone Valley are obsessed with the idea that

[50] we're all living in a Matrix-like simulation, and some are

taking that obsession a stage further: “Two tech

billionaires have gone so far as to secretly engage

scientists to work on breaking us out of the

simulation.”Here's hoping Mark Zuckerberg is 'The One',

[55] yeah?

    Hitler Is Still Alive

  "Hitler is still alive" rumours have circulated since

the 1970s, fuelled by the fact that his crony Josef

Mengele hid in South America. Stories like this one,

[60] however, speculate the 125-year-old Hitler has been

responsible for various world disasters, including 9/11

and the 2010 Gulf oil spill, which happened on his

birthday. Other theories say he died in 1984 in Brazil,

aged 94. Or in Argentina, aged 73.

(Adapted from http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/20-of-the-internets-craziestconspiracy-theories/Acesso em: 14 de fev 2017)

Glossary:

1 - cook up – to invent a story, a plan, etc.

2 - stacked – covered with things

3 - hence – the reason, the explanation for

4 - lookalikes – similar in appearance

5 - stuffed – filled with something

6 - dig – to make a hole in the ground

7 - hollow – a hole or empty space

8 - quarter – a place to live

9 - aka – abbreviation for also known as

10 - issue – problem

11 - scaremonger – a person that creates stories that cause public fear

TEXTO – New Data on Autism Spectrum Disorder in 4- Year-Old Children.

    CDC scientists published a report on the prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among 4-year-old children. This report is based on information from the Early Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. Early ADDM is a subset of the broader ADDM Network, which has been doing ASD surveillance among 8-year-old children since 2000.

    In this report, published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries, scientists analyzed information from the health and/or education records of preschool-aged children. Identifying children with ASD early helps families get access to services in their communities. This report provides valuable information on progress made toward early identification of children with ASD, and informs providers, particularly public schools, of upcoming service needs. The data in this report demonstrate a continued need to identify children with ASD sooner and refer them to early intervention.

    Seven sites from across the United States were included in this report. These sites participated in Early ADDM for at least one year during surveillance years 2010, 2012, and 2014. However, trends in the prevalence and characteristics of ASD could only be analyzed across three sites: Arizona, Missouri, and New Jersey. This is because not all seven sites participated and had consistent data sources for all three surveillance years.

(Adapted from: www.cdc.gov)