Questões de Inglês - Grammar

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Causes and Effects of Climate Change

Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are dying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. It has become clear that humans have caused most of the past century's warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than at any time in the last 800,000 years.

We often call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. While many people think of global warming and climate change as synonyms, scientists use “climate change” when describing the complex shifts now affecting our planet's weather and climate systems — in part because some areas actually get cooler in the short term.

Climate change encompasses not oniy rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of other impacts. Ali of those changes are emerging as humans continue to add heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely on.

What will we do — what can we do — to slow this human- caused warming? How will we cope with the changes we into            motion? While we struggle to figure it all out, the fate of the Earth as we know it — coasts, forests, farms, and snow-capped mountains — hangs in the ffbalance.

By Christina Nunez
Adapted from https: ww nationalgeographic.com/environmentarticle/global- warming-overview

TEXTO

“Words like these have lost their meaning to many refugees:
home, family, work, human rights, future. Its our job to give them meaning again.” UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees).

TEXTO:

Calcuholism

    It has been said that many people are victims of
calcuholism, a dependence on the use of calculators,
causing a diminished ability to do mathematics on
one’s own. Technology in schools, offices, and industry
[5] has resulted in an unfortunate overdependence
on all types of modern devices, but particularly on
calculators, Calcuholism can be avoided if schools
and individuals concentrate on using the mind to do
mathematics rather than relying on calculators for
[10] simple tasks.
    Obviously the term calcuholism has been coined
with the intent to compare it to other addictions such
as alcoholism. While it is not nearly as serious as
alcoholism, dependence on the calculator can be
[15] harmful. Abuse of something normally beneficial may
lead to a harmful reliance on it. It is not that calculators
are harmful, but overuse may cause harm by making
people forget how to do mathematics with their own
minds.
[20]    The problem arises from modern technological
advances. In schools, classes become more
complicated because of the technology for which
students must be prepared when they graduate.
Calculators are permitted and essential in many
[25] classes. In offices, calculators, computers, and word
processing systems are commonplace because they
increase speed and improve efficiency. Business
people may spend hours working with numbers
and rarely calculate mentally. In industry as well,
[30] the emphasis on advanced machines results in
individuals’ solving fewer mathematical problems on
their own.
    To alleviate the problem, schools should
avoid allowing students to use calculators too
[35] early and should require sufficient in-class work
without them. All of us should restrict our use of
calculators and strive to do math on our own so that 

we will not lose our basic math skills.
    Calcuholism has increased in recent years
[40] and will continue to increase due to advances
in technology. To avoid dependency, we must
do mathematics with our minds from time to time rather
than with a machine.

PYLE, Michael A. & PAGE, Mary Ellen Muñoz. Test of English as a foreign language. U.S.A. s.d. p. 641.