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Bolsa Família - a decade of social inclusion in Brazil A decade debunking myths and exceeding expectations

    In 2003, the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) was taking its first steps, with a broad set of challenges still ahead. Its objectives were to contribute to the social inclusion of families constrained by extreme poverty by providing immediate relief to their situation, and to stimulate improvements to their education and health, in order to cease the intergenerational cycle of poverty reproduction. It was necessary to unify existing sectoral programs of cash transfer, consolidate the Unified Registry for Social Programs (Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais – CadÚnico), create a federal strategy for its management, monitor the conditionalities and ensure supply and access to basic services. Ten years later, the objectives were fully achieved and, in most cases, surpassed. Based on its wide coverage, excellent focus and significant impacts on the living conditions of the population, the success of the BFP is evident

Adaptado de: CAMPELLO, T.; NERI, M.C. (org). Bolsa Família Program – a decade of social inclusion in Brazil – Executive Summary. Brasília: IPEA, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=a rticle&id=21864. Acesso em 20 out. 2021.

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Terrorist, Superman, feminist, messiah: Barack Obama's life as a cover star

  He has appeared on more magazines than most supermodels. From Black Enterprise to Rolling Stone, the author of a new book traces the rise, fall – and legacy of the cover-star-in-chie

  In October 2004, Barack Obama, then an Illinois state legislator, appeared on the cover of Black Enterprise, a popular African-American business monthly. It was his first-ever cover, and he shocked the magazine’s editors by proclaiming his intention to run for the United States Senate. They wondered if the young statesman was setting his hopes too high. Nevertheless, they ran the cover story with the prophetic headline: The next big thing in politics.

  Cut to 2008, and Obama, having made it to the US Senate, now had his sights on the presidency. The experts said that America was not ready for an African-American leader; that white people wouldn’t vote for a non-white candidate or a man with a funny-sounding name, whose middle name is Hussein and who actually has Muslim relatives; and that even if they did, he would be assassinated before he saw out his first term.

  After they were proved wrong and Obama was elected in November 2008, people went out in droves to buy newspapers and magazines with him on their covers, as commemorative keepsakes. His face was everywhere, providing print publishers with a bump to flagging sales. In a few short years, Obama had risen from obscurity to become the most famous person in the world.

(Excerpt from the site: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/sep/07/t errorist-superman-feminist-messiah-barack-obamas-lifeas-a-cover-star. Reaserched in September 2018).

TEXTO

Romana — Vai ficá que nem estaca na porta, entra!

Tião (a Otávio) — Eu queria conversá com o senhor!
Otávio — Comigo?
Tião (firme) — É.
Otávio — Minha gente, vocês querem dá um pulo lá
fora, esse rapaz quer conversá comigo.
Romana — Eu preciso mesmo recolhê a roupa! 

João — Já vou indo, então. Até logo, seu Otávio, e parabéns!

Otávio — Obrigado! (Saem. Tião e Otávio ficam a sós.) Bem, pode falá.

Tião — Papai...

Otávio — Me desculpe, mas seu pai ainda não chegou. Ele deixou um recado comigo, mandou dizê pra você que ficou muito admirado, que se enganou. E pediu pra você tomá outro rumo, porque essa não é casa de fura-greve!

Tião — Eu vinha me despedir e dizer só uma coisa: não foi por covardia!

Otávio — Seu pai me falou sobre isso. Ele também procura acreditá que num foi por covardia. Ele acha que você até que teve peito. Furou a greve e disse pra todo mundo, não fez segredo. Não fez como o Jesuíno que furou a greve sabendo que tava errado. Ele acha, o seu pai, que você é ainda mais filho da mãe! Que você é um traidô dos seus companheiro e da sua classe, mas um traidô que pensa que tá certo! Não um traidô por covardia, um traidô por convicção!

Tião — Eu queria que o senhor desse um recado a meu pai

Otávio — Vá dizendo.

Tião — Que o filho dele não é um “filho da mãe”. Que o filho dele gosta de sua gente, mas que o filho dele tinha um problema e quis resolvê esse problema de maneira mais segura. Que o filho é um homem que quer bem!

Otávio — Seu pai vai ficá irritado com esse recado, mas eu digo. Seu pai tem outro recado pra você. Seu pai acha que a culpa de pensá desse jeito não é sua só. Seu pai acha que tem culpa...

Tião — Diga a meu pai que ele não tem culpa nenhuma

Otávio (perdendo o controle) — Se eu te tivesse educado mais firme, se te tivesse mostrado melhor o que é a vida, tu não pensaria em não ter confiança na tua gente...

Tião — Meu pai não tem culpa. Ele fez o que devia. O problema é que eu não podia arriscá nada. Preferi tê o desprezo de meu pessoal pra poder querer bem, como eu quero querer, a tá arriscando a vê minha mulhé sofrê como minha mãe sofre, como todo mundo nesse morro sofre! Tião — Meu pai não tem culpa. Ele fez o que devia. O problema é que eu não podia arriscá nada. Preferi tê o desprezo de meu pessoal pra poder querer bem, como eu quero querer, a tá arriscando a vê minha mulhé sofrê como minha mãe sofre, como todo mundo nesse morro sofre!

Otávio — Seu pai acha que ele tem culpa!

Tião — Tem culpa de nada, pai!

Otávio (num rompante) — E deixa ele acreditá nisso, se não, ele vai sofrê muito mais. Vai achar que o filho dele caiu na merda sozinho. Vai achar que o filho dele é safado de nascença. (Acalma-se repentinamente.) Seu pai manda mais um recado. Diz que você não precisa aparecê mais. E deseja boa sorte pra você

Tião — Diga a ele que vai ser assim. Não foi por covardia e não me arrependo de nada. Até um dia. (Encaminha-se para a porta.)

Otávio (dirigindo-se ao quarto dos fundos) — Tua mãe, talvez, vai querê falá contigo... Até um dia! (Tião pega uma sacola que deve estar debaixo de um móvel e coloca seus objetos. Camisas que estão entre as trouxas de roupa, escova de dentes, etc.)

(GUARNIERI, Gianfrancesco. Eles não usam black-tie. 8. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1995. p. 108-109.)

Texto-base para a questão

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas “may fuel dangerous Holocaust fallacies”

Harriet Sherwood - Thu 27 Jan 2022

    A study, to be published shortly, builds on research conducted five years ago among secondary school pupils which found that the story by John Boyne regularly elicited misplaced sympathy for Nazis. […]

    Boyne’s book is about a friendship between the son of an Auschwitz commandant and a Jewish boy incarcerated in the Nazi concentration camp. Published in 2006, it has sold more than 11m copies worldwide. A film version was made in 2008.

    The centre’s report said: “While most young people who took part in the study recognised the narrative as a work of fiction and many were able to identify and critique its most glaring implausibilities and historical inaccuracies, they nonetheless overwhelmingly characterised it as ‘realistic’ and/or ‘truthful’.”

    It added that many students, after studying the story, reached conclusions that “contributed significantly to one of the most powerful and problematic misconceptions of this history, that ‘ordinary Germans’ held little responsibility and were by and large ‘brainwashed’ or otherwise entirely ignorant of the unfolding atrocities”.

    Among comments from teachers gathered during the research were, “students come to us and literally think the Holocaust IS The Boy In the Striped Pyjamas”; “They come with … ideas that nobody knew about the Holocaust, that people were completely in the dark about it”; and “They feel sorry for the German guard”.

    Stuart Foster, the centre’s executive director, said he had no criticism of Boyne for his work of fiction, but using the novel in lessons about a historical event could be problematic. “In an era of fake news and conspiracy theories, it’s very worrying that young people harbour myths and misconceptions about the Holocaust.” […]

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/27/ the-boy-in-the-striped-pyjamas-fuels-dangerous-holocaust-fallacies

O romance Animal Farm (“A revolução dos bichos”), de George Orwell, se passa numa fazenda onde animais, liderados pelo porco Old Major, decidem fazer uma revolução. São apresentados abaixo dois trechos do romance: o primeiro, de sua parte inicial, quando a fazenda ainda é administrada por Mr. Jones; o segundo, de sua parte final, quando passa a ser controlada pelos animais.

PART 1

Word had gone round during the day that Old Major (…) had had a strange dream on the previous
night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all
meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way.

(…) When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively,
[5] he cleared his throat and began: “Now comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face
it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. (…) Why then do we continue in this miserable
condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human
beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word: Man.
Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and
[10] overwork is abolished forever. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does
not give milk, he does not lay eggs (…), yet he is lord of all the animals. (…) Is it not crystal clear,
then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only
get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. (…) That is my message to you,
comrades: Rebellion!”

PART 2

[15] Years passed. The seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled by. A time came when there
was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion (...).

Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves
any richer − except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. (...) It was not that these creatures did
not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer* was never tired of explaining, endless work
[20] in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other
animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to
expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called “files”, “reports”, “minutes” and
“memoranda”. These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, and
as soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance
[25] for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by their
own labour; and there were very many of them, and their appetites were always good. As for the
others, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been. They were generally hungry, they
slept on straw, they drank from the pool, they laboured in the fields. (…)

And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of
[30] honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole
county — in all England! — owned and operated by animals. (…)

* Squealer is the name of a pig.

George Orwell Animal Farm. Londres: Longman, 1945

Read the text and answer question.

Metal airplane part seems to fall from plane into Arizona family’s backyard

    An Arizona couple discovered what appeared to be a metal plate from an airplane in their backyard last week. Charlie and Jaclyn High of Phoenix found the white metal piece, which had fallen in their backyard, on Friday, CBS5 reported.

    “I kind of looked around to see if there was anything else, like another piece, or something else other than that, with writing on it. It looks like it’s from an airplane, and you think, oh man, that’s crazy,” Jaclyn told the outlet. According to images shared with CBS5, the metal piece seems to be part of the airplane lavatory

Adapted from https://www.foxnews.com/travel/arizona-metal-piece-airplanebackyard.