Questões de Inglês - Vocabulary
1.964 Questões
Questão 26 13259606
UERJ 2º EXAME 2025The dangers of preconceived judgement:
look beyond stereotypes
People often say “Don’t judge a book by its cover”, and it holds true in many aspects of life. We are all
guilty of making snap judgements about others based on their appearance, actions or even just a brief
encounter. But have you ever wondered why it’s important not to judge someone before getting to know
them? Do you ever consider that?
[5] Imagine that you are at a party and, out of the corner of your eye, you spot a person with a unique
hairstyle and an outfit that screams “fashion forward”. Your brain, always ready for action, instantly springs
into snap judgement mode. “They must be an avant-garde artist or a fashion model”, it enthusiastically
proclaims. This is thin slice judgement! It refers to the action of making lightning-fast judgements based
on minimal information. An example is when you are at a job interview, and the person in the hot seat
[10] glances at your handwriting before making a quick assessment of your personality. It sounds ludicrous,
but our brain has a way of magnifying minor details and turning them into grand narratives. As amusing
as it may seem, such judgements can have real-life consequences.
While snap judgements can provide an amusing story to share at parties, they can perpetuate stereotypes,
reinforce biases and limit our ability to see the true beauty in diversity. Instead of jumping to conclusions,
[15] it’s better to lean into curiosity. Ask questions, seek out diverse perspectives and recognize that everyone
has a unique story to tell. By embracing our inquisitive nature, we can uncover the richness of human
experiences and challenge our own biases.
Empathy is the secret weapon against prejudice. To truly understand someone, you must put yourself in
their shoes and see the world through their eyes. Actually, prejudice is when we form an opinion or make
[20] assumptions about someone without having all the facts. It’s like trying to write a book review after only
reading the first chapter. We should strive to give people a fair chance before passing judgement. Besides,
it’s essential to remember that nobody is perfect, and we should embrace diversity instead of assuming
we’re always right. Rather than acting as self-appointed judges, we should approach people with empathy
and understanding.
[25] Practicing self-compassion and recognizing our own imperfections can help us show more compassion
towards others. Harsh judgement can stem from a variety of factors, such as insecurity, fear or simply our
own experiences and biases, but it’s okay, we’ve all been there! What’s important is to take a step back and
reflect on why we are quick to judge. And, if we always do that, it’s time to think outside the box.
PATRICK TURNER
Adaptado de appgecet.co.in.
The expression from the text that means “imagine oneself in somebody else’s situation” is:
Questão 25 13222142
UERJ 1º EXAME 2025Are wild animals afraid of humans?
Crocodiles, sharks, snakes, tigers, lions are but a few of the animals that evoke a sense of fear in humans.
Attacks by these animals are always widely splashed across the media, giving further merit to these fears.
But are we actually more scared of them than they are of us? And do we perhaps have reason to be?
Wild animals are afraid of humans. Studies have shown that even apex predators change their eating
[5] patterns and habits when they perceive humans to be around. We are the only super predator that exists
on this planet. Through conditioning, animals have come to instinctually fear our very existence.
In Santa Cruz, California, a study was directed. The scientists wished to determine how much impact
the perception of human presence would have on the predators in the area, namely the mountain lion,
bobcat, opossum and skunk. The scientists broadcasted human voices in certain areas while they used
[10] the sound of tree frogs in other regions as a control. The results were alarming in that the predators
changed their habits more than expected, when they perceived humans to be present. Mountain lions
would leave their kill if they heard voices and deliberately avoided the areas where they believed there
was human activity. The skunk and opossum foraged less, and the bobcat became solely nocturnal.
Some might suggest that our upright stance and forward-facing eyes have animals understanding that
[15] we are a predator and a threat, but it is more than just how we look that has them running for the hills.
Through centuries of hunting and destroying their habitat their fear of us has become instinctual. We
are the annihilators, super destroyers of the earth and its wildlife. We have taught animals that we are the
most destructive and deadly species on the planet and this conditioned them to fear us.
The human population kills nine times as many carnivores as they kill each other and four times more
[20] middle food web animals than large carnivores do. We are one of the few animals capable of distorting
ecosystem functioning and eradicating species. In most scenarios, the mere presence of a human will
have wild animals darting away. Even in some extreme situations where animals show aggression, if
humans stand their ground and make noise, the result is often the animal showing one final act of
defiance before they move off back into their natural habitat.
[25] But although wild animals will choose to run away most of the time, rather than standing against or going
after us, this is not always the case. A threatened animal will fight against us to defend itself, and chances
are you, with your lack of claws, blunt teeth and squishy body, will come off second best. Despite our
destructive behavior, an unarmed human has almost no defense against an animal. Fear incites violence
and animals will react aggressively if they feel threatened. We might be the mighty super predator, but
[30] ultimately we are no match for Mother Nature when she chooses to fight back.
Adaptado de nayturr.com.
According to the third paragraph (l. 7-13), a study was conducted about the impact of the perception of the human presence on predators.
The objective of this study was to determine the following aspect of this impact:
Questão 23 13222103
UERJ 1º EXAME 2025Are wild animals afraid of humans?
Crocodiles, sharks, snakes, tigers, lions are but a few of the animals that evoke a sense of fear in humans.
Attacks by these animals are always widely splashed across the media, giving further merit to these fears.
But are we actually more scared of them than they are of us? And do we perhaps have reason to be?
Wild animals are afraid of humans. Studies have shown that even apex predators change their eating
[5] patterns and habits when they perceive humans to be around. We are the only super predator that exists
on this planet. Through conditioning, animals have come to instinctually fear our very existence.
In Santa Cruz, California, a study was directed. The scientists wished to determine how much impact
the perception of human presence would have on the predators in the area, namely the mountain lion,
bobcat, opossum and skunk. The scientists broadcasted human voices in certain areas while they used
[10] the sound of tree frogs in other regions as a control. The results were alarming in that the predators
changed their habits more than expected, when they perceived humans to be present. Mountain lions
would leave their kill if they heard voices and deliberately avoided the areas where they believed there
was human activity. The skunk and opossum foraged less, and the bobcat became solely nocturnal.
Some might suggest that our upright stance and forward-facing eyes have animals understanding that
[15] we are a predator and a threat, but it is more than just how we look that has them running for the hills.
Through centuries of hunting and destroying their habitat their fear of us has become instinctual. We
are the annihilators, super destroyers of the earth and its wildlife. We have taught animals that we are the
most destructive and deadly species on the planet and this conditioned them to fear us.
The human population kills nine times as many carnivores as they kill each other and four times more
[20] middle food web animals than large carnivores do. We are one of the few animals capable of distorting
ecosystem functioning and eradicating species. In most scenarios, the mere presence of a human will
have wild animals darting away. Even in some extreme situations where animals show aggression, if
humans stand their ground and make noise, the result is often the animal showing one final act of
defiance before they move off back into their natural habitat.
[25] But although wild animals will choose to run away most of the time, rather than standing against or going
after us, this is not always the case. A threatened animal will fight against us to defend itself, and chances
are you, with your lack of claws, blunt teeth and squishy body, will come off second best. Despite our
destructive behavior, an unarmed human has almost no defense against an animal. Fear incites violence
and animals will react aggressively if they feel threatened. We might be the mighty super predator, but
[30] ultimately we are no match for Mother Nature when she chooses to fight back.
Adaptado de nayturr.com.
The main topic developed throughout the article can be summarized as:
Questão 57 13333203
Feevale Medicina 2024/1Texto
UN – United Nations News
May 10th, 2023
1 in 3 children overweight in the European region: WHO report
A new World Health Organization (WHO) report on obesity levels in Europe shows that roughly one in three primary school-aged children is living with obesity or are overweight, and this is only set to rise further. The WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022 was launched by the spouses of 16 European leaders and Heads of State, in the Croatian capital. Childhood obesity data for WHO’s European Region paints an alarming picture. “Our children are increasingly growing up in environments that make it very difficult for them to eat well and be active. This is a root cause of the obesity epidemic,” said Dr Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe. “As societies and countries, we have so far failed to reverse the rising rates of childhood obesity, and that’s why WHO/Europe is here in Croatia, at the invitation of Professor Milanović, spouse of the President, to galvanize political support for this truly insidious public health crisis before it becomes even more difficult to address.” Based on current trends and looking exclusively at obesity in the WHO European Region, which covers 53 countries across Europe and Central Asia, the World Obesity Atlas 2023 published by the World Obesity Federation, projects that between 2020 and 2035, there will be:
• a 61% increase in the number of boys living with obesity,
• a 75% increase in the number of girls living with obesity,
• with a total 17 million boys and 11 million girls aged 5-19 living with obesity in the region in 2035.
• Issues involving being overweight and obesity across all age groups are projected to cost
the WHO European Region $800 billion annually, by 2035.
WHO European Region has identified three specific actions to counter current projections and help prevent this silent epidemic from getting worse: prevention is better than cure: efforts to reduce childhood obesity must start early, right from pregnancy and early childhood. Prevention needs to focus on good nutrition at all stages of a child’s life. Prevention efforts are also needed in homes, schools, and the wider community. Regulating the food and beverage industry: the most effective policies to tackle childhood obesity include imposing a tax on sugary drinks, requiring clear front-ofpackage labelling, and restricting marketing of unhealthy foods to children. Promoting physical activity: this includes better urban design and transportation policies, physical activity in the school curriculum and extra-curricular activities, and clear messaging to support active lifestyles throughout the life course.
Adapted from: 1 in 3 children overweight in the European region: WHO report. UN – UNITED NATIONS NEWS. Release date: May 10th, 2023. Available at: https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/05/1136547. Access on May 30th, 2023.
Choose the correct statement according to the text.
Questão 26 13243017
ITA 1ª Fase 2024Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Read Your Way Through Salvador
By Itamar Vieira Junior and translated by Johnny Lorenz. July 19, 2023.
I was born in Salvador, in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and lived in the general vicinity until I reached the age of 15. But it was when I left that I really came to know my city. How was I able to discover more about my birthplace while traveling far from home? It might sound rather clichéd but, I assure you, literature made this possible: It took me on a journey, long and profound, back home, enveloping me in words and imagination.
To understand the formation of our unique society and, consequently, the cityscape of Salvador, one should read, before anything else, "The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom and Islam in the Black Atlantic," by João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes and Marcus J.M. de Carvalho. Rufino was an alufá, or Muslim spiritual leader, born in the Oyo empire in present-day Nigeria and enslaved during his adolescence. "The Story of Rufino" is an epic tale, encapsulating the life of one man in search of freedom as well as the history of the development of Salvador itself, a place inextricably linked with the diaspora across the Black Atlantic. Another book for which I have deep affection is "The City of Women," by the American anthropologist Ruth Landes. It offers an intriguing perspective, focusing on matriarchal power in candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian sacred practice, and revealing how the social organization of its spiritual communities reverberates across the city.
If you want to feel the intensity of life on the streets of Salvador, these two books, both by Amado, are indispensable: "Captains of the Sands" and "Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands." The first is a coming-of-age story in which we follow a group of children and adolescents living on the streets and on the beaches around the Bay of All Saints. Written more than 80 years ago, the book was banned and even burned in the public square during the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in the first half of the 20th century. As a portrait of Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities. "Dona Flor and her Two Husbands" is one of Amado's most popular novels, translated into more than 30 languages and adapted many times for theater, cinema, and television. The book is a kind of manifesto for a woman's liberation. Dona Flor possesses great culinary talent, and oppressed by a patriarchal society, finds herself divided between two men, one being her deceased husband. While the novel captures the daily life of the city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful guide to the cuisine of Salvador, with its African and Portuguese influences.
I invite readers to travel into the interior of Bahia, many hours by car from Salvador to the region known as the Sertão, whose name translates loosely to "backwoods." Two books can also transport you there, and they are sides of the same story: "Backlands: The Canudos Campaign," by Euclides da Cunha, and "The War of the End of the World," by Mario Vargas Llosa.
"Backlands" is one of the most important works in the history of Brazilian literature. It is a journalistic telling that introduces us not only to the brutal War of Canudos, but also to the intriguing landscape of the Sertão, a place so full of contradictions. In his writing of the conflict, da Cunha tells the story of the genesis of the tough sertanejo: a mythic, cowboyesque figure of the drought-stricken, lawless interior. "The War of the End of the World" is an essential epic that amplifies the narrative of "Backlands," bringing a more imaginative, creative aspect to the story of Antônio Conselheiro, the spiritual leader of a rebellion, and of the multitude that followed him to their deaths.
[Fonte: "Read Your Way Through Salvador". In: The New York Times, 19/07/2023, .Adaptado, Data de acesso: 01/09/2023.]
According to the text, the author recommends the book “The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom and Islam in the Black Atlantic” for the reader to
Questão 83 12682350
UECE 1ª Fase 2024/2T E X T
The word ‘viral’ has lost its meaning
The nature of virality has shifted radically over the past decade as the internet has fractured into uncounted disparate algorithms, platforms, and niche communities. The volume of content being churned out every day has skyrocketed, the life cycle of each piece of media has grown shorter and social media platforms continue to inflate public metrics, devaluing previously impressive online stats.
All of these factors have rendered the term “viral” nearly meaningless, say experts, and have led to a condition we’ll call “viralflation.” The term speaks to the diminished meaning of virality. If everything is labeled viral, then is nothing viral?
“Back in the day, 1 million views was the thing,” said Marcus Stringer, a partner manager at Social Blade, a social media analytics platform. “That meant you’d gone viral, and you’d get picked up by news agencies around the world. Now, tens of millions of views is the norm for top YouTube channels. Soon, 20 million views will eventually become the norm.”
“Because the concept of virality has been so watered down, truly viral pieces of content must reach hundreds of millions of people at a scale that’s increasingly unattainable for anyone but MrBeast,” said Lara Cohen, vice president of partners and business development at Linktree, a platform that allows creators to aggregate links to their social media profiles on one page. MrBeast is the internet name of Jimmy Donaldson, YouTube’s most watched creator.
A decade and a half ago, there was a clear delineation between viral content and the vast majority of media that users would encounter every day. The internet was smaller, and most sharing was manual (people emailing and messaging links to each other) or via early internet aggregators such as sites like Digg and StumbleUpon.
Viral content emerged slowly, so the life span of a viral video was long. Some content remained viral for up to a year, worming its way through the internet as it gained traction. When social media platforms began to switch to algorithmic feeds optimized for engagement in the mid 2010s, the viral content cycle accelerated, experts said. Brands began recognizing the power of virality and started to attempt to manufacture it. Content creators joined engagement groups where they’d reshare each other’s content in attempts to force virality.
Platforms themselves also began to realize the power of virality and sought to generate it, or at least generate the appearance of it. This was the beginning of the era of viralflation. Facebook helped lower the industry-wide threshold for what counted as a video view, and began inflating view counts on various Facebook videos in an effort to make them appear more viral than they were.
Then TikTok broke into the mainstream in 2020, lowering the bar even further for what counted as a “view.” While a view on Facebook counts after three seconds of watch time, a view on TikTok is simply an impression, meaning the video was served to a user for at least a fraction of a second on screen. According to the company, TikTok also counts each loop of the video as a view, allowing videos to rake in massive view counts.
“The speed at which we cycle through trends and sort of moments of virality on the internet is faster now largely because of TikTok,” Cohen said. This has created an arms race among tech platforms to see which could inflate metrics the most. There’s been an incentive to have these numbers look bigger because they look better to advertisers, so there’s a financial incentive to cause this viral inflation.
A new class of content creators also has raised the bar for what’s considered viral. “When MrBeast started to explode, things really started to change in the landscape,” Stringer said. “People didn’t consider [earlier metrics of virality] viral anymore, because he’s getting multi millions of views per video.”
Coco Mocoe, a trend forecaster in Los Angeles, said that along with these shifts, users are also consuming a higher total amount of content online per day, especially members of Generation Z, those born between 1998 and 2012. They are more likely to consume all forms of media through the internet and social platforms, rather than via newspapers or TV. And, much of that content is short form and less than 60 seconds long. “The main reason there are bigger numbers now is because people are consuming so much more content in a given sitting,” she added.
This has made virality more ephemeral. “There’s not that same… permanence,” Mocoe said. “If you’re watching 50 videos with 1 million views, you’re less likely to remember one as opposed to a decade ago, when you might only watch five videos a day, and just one would have 1 million views.” For the average consumer, viralflation has made it increasingly difficult to tell what is and isn’t actually viral. Because we no longer have any shared sense of virality, it makes it easier for people who don’t understand the mechanics of the internet to fall for fake viral trends.
Adapted from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/ 2024/03/09/
According to the text, a specific group of people that is consuming a high amount of content online from all types of media and social platforms is
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