Questões de Inglês - Vocabulary

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Why do so many families make the difficult and dangerous journey to migrate to the USA?

I have spent much of the last decade conducting on-the-ground fieldwork along the migration paths through Mexico, seeking answers to this question. The region‘s extreme poverty and violent impunity are central factors that drive migration.

Yet every migrant‘s story is unique. Some simply seek the chance to earn enough money to ensure a better future for themselves or their children. Others flee persecution at the hands of gangs, organized crime or corrupt state officials. For others, insecurity and poverty are so intertwined that drawing them apart becomes impossible.

"Falling deeper into debt‟

Extreme poverty and inequality haunt the region. Today, about half of all Central Americans – and two-thirds of the rural populations of Guatemala and Honduras – survive below the international poverty line.

Meanwhile, throughout the 21st century, Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador have consistently counted among the most murderous nations in the world. Many Central American migrants are simply desperate to find work that pays enough to feed their families. U.S. asylum law provides no relief for these "economic refugees."

I met Roberto Quijones in a migrant shelter in the Mexican state of Tabasco, about 25 mile north of the Mexico‘s southern border with Guatemala. We spoke as he soaked his blistered feet and tried to mend his busted shoes with duct tape.

Roberto is from a rural town in northwestern El Salvador near the border with Honduras and Guatemala, and had been out of work for two years. For more than a year, he and his wife and their 2-year-old daughter had been living with an aunt. Their welcome had worn thin.

And even for those who can find work, extremely low wages cannot cover families‘ basic needs, destroying hope for a better future.

Ethics and survival

The images and stories of Central Americans caged at the border awaiting processing expose how the U.S. immigration system was never designed to deal with this many people fleeing these kinds of problems.

In the hopes of getting better treatment at the border, some migrants have resorted to pretending to be part of family units, or lying about their age. This kind of "gaming the system" may be ethically questionable, but viewed from the perspective of survival, it makes perfect sense.

Such strategies speak most of all of collective desperation, begging a question posed by many of the Central American migrants I have met over the years: "If you were me, what would you do?"

Disponível em: https://theconversation.com/migrants-stories-why-they-flee114725. Acesso em 21 Mar. 2022.[Adaptado]

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Every day of delayed peace will accelerate a freefall into poverty for Ukraine, warns UNDP Early data estimates suggest that 90% of the Ukrainian population could be facing poverty and extreme economic vulnerability should the war deepen, setting the country – and the region – back decades and leaving deep social and economic scars for generations to come.

Disponível em: https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/development-impact-warukraine-initial-projections-enuk. Acesso em: 12 mai. 2022.

Read text and answer question.

Text

Lawyers say they can’t find the parents of 545 migrant children separated

by Trump administration By Julia Ainsley and Jacob Soboroff

WASHINGTON — Lawyers appointed by a federal judge to identify migrant families who were separated 2 by the Trump administration say that they have yet to track down the parents of 545 children and that 3 about two-thirds of those parents were deported to Central America without their children, according to 4 a filing Tuesday from the American Civil Liberties Union. 5 The

Trump administration instituted a “zero tolerance” policy in 2018 that separated migrant children 6 and parents at the southern U.S. border. The administration later confirmed that it had actually begun 7 separating families in 2017 along some parts of the border under a pilot program. The ACLU and other 8 pro-bono law firms were tasked with finding the members of families separated during the pilot program. 9 Unlike the 2,800 families separated under zero tolerance in 2018, most of whom remained in custody 10 when the policy was ended by executive order, many of the more than 1,000 parents separated from 11 their children under the pilot program had already been deported before a federal judge in California 12 ordered that they be found.

[...]

(Retrived from: https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/lawyers-say-they-can-t-find-parents-545-migrant-children-n1244066.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Smoking damages eyes as well as lungs

    Millions of people in the UK are putting their sight at risk by continuing to smoke, warn specialists. Despite the clear connection, only one in five people recognise that smoking can lead to blindness, a poll for the Association of Optometrists (AOP) finds. Smokers are twice as likely to lose their sight compared with non-smokers.

    That is because tobacco smoke can cause and worsen a number of eye conditions. Cigarette smoke contains toxic chemicals that can irritate and harm the eyes. For example, heavy metals, such as lead and copper, can collect in the lens - the transparent bit that sits behind the pupil and brings rays of light into focus - and lead to cataracts, where the lens becomes cloudy.

    Smoking can make diabetes-related sight problems worse by damaging blood vessels at the back of the eye (the retina). In the poll of 2,006 adults, 18% correctly said that smoking increased the risk of blindness or sight loss, while three-quarters (76%) knew smoking was linked to cancer. The AOP says stopping or avoiding smoking is one of the best steps you can take to protect your vision, along with having regular sight checks.

(www.bbc.com, 02.07.2019. Adaptado.)

    The Greek philosopher Socrates was an amazing example of a person living the search for wisdom. He did his philosophizing orally, in the company of other people. As he went about Athens questioning reputedly wise people on topics of importance and finding them not so wise after all, he insisted on pointing this fact out to them. This, as you can well imagine, did not lead to widespread popularity.

    Many of the young people in Athens were impressed with Socrates’ razor-sharp intellect and often followed him about, imitating his style of conversation and offending even more people. In fact, Socrates and his followers angered so many prominent citizens in Athens that he was accused of corrupting the youth and of not believing in the gods of the city.

    His fate was in the hands of a crowd of 501 citizen-jurists, who were to decide his fate by vote. It seems clear that if Socrates had just promised to stop philosophizing in public and stirring up trouble, he’d most likely have been freed.

    The verdict rendered was guilty, and the penalty was death. In those days, the accused could propose an alternative punishment. Asked what he thought he deserved for what he had done, Socrates replied that he deserved free housing and free food of the best kind, for life. He was given poison instead.

Internet: www.dummies.com (adapted).