Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing

Read the text and answer the question.

Gregory “Greg” Heffley is an American middle school student and also the main protagonist of the book series Diary of a Wimpy Kid.

Greg is lazy, petty, slightly narcissistic, sociopathic, egotistical, eccentric, egocentric, usually backstabbing, and sometimes even selfish and dishonest, and apparently lacks talent. He hardly has any skills aside from video games and possibly singing. However, despite all this, Greg has had his kind and caring moments, but not that often.

Adapted from https://diary-of-a-wimpy-kid.fandom.com/wiki/Greg_Heffley

Read the text and answer the question.

What happened at Pearl Harbor?

    On the morning of 7 December 1941, at 7.55am local time, 183 aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked the United States Naval base at Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii.
    The first attack wave __________ bombing the hangars and parked aircraft of the island’s airfields while at the same time launching torpedoes against the US warships moored in the harbour.
    This devastating attack was followed an hour and a half later by a second wave of 170 Japanese aircraft. Within two hours, 18 US warships had been sunk or damaged, 188 aircraft destroyed and 2,403 American servicemen and women killed.

Adapted from https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-happened-at-pearl-harbor.

Dementia campaign to give families open access wins cross-party support

http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/07/dementia-johns-campaign-hospital-visit-norman-lamb-andy-burnham

Politicians commit to John's Campaign to allow people 24-hour hospital access to vulnerable patients  with dementia, following deluge of support

[1] A campaign to allow friends and family open access to people with dementia while they are in

hospital has seen a significant victory this weekend with backing from senior politicians. The

Observer-backed campaign has won the

support of health minister Norman Lamb, who

has promised to write to all NHS trusts promoting

the idea, while the shadow health secretary,

Andy Burnham, has committed to strengthening

the NHS constitution on the issue and including it

in Labour's election manifesto.

[2] “I could have wept with gratitude and relief,” said

novelist Nicci Gerrard, whose experiences with

her father's hospital care led her to launch John's

Campaign. It calls for the families and carers of

people with dementia to be allowed to remain

with them in hospital for as many hours of the day

and night as necessary. The campaign has been

deluged with support, not only from families but

from doctors, nurses and charities working with people with dementia. Several NHS trusts have

agreed to start implementing changes within their own hospitals and letting staff know what is

expected of them.

[3] Gerrard said cross-party support showed it was not a political issue but one of common sense and

compassion. It is, she writes in the Observer today, “a rare instance where the costs in both

financial and human terms are none and the benefits enormous”.

[4] More than a quarter of hospital beds in the UK are now occupied by people with dementia. Athird

will never return to their own homes and just under half will leave hospital in a worse condition than

when they entered. Gerrard's father, Dr John Gerrard, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's in his

70s, deteriorated significantly during his hospital stay last year, something his family felt could

have been avoided had they been allowed to spend more time supporting him while he was there.

[5]   The campaigners, backed by Labour MP Valerie Vaz among others, believe the current NHS

advice to parents with children in hospital that they should stay with their child as much as possible

should also apply to people with dementia, who are often vulnerable and very easily distressed.

[6]   On Wednesday, which is NHS Change Day – a chance for positive changes at grassroots level to

be highlighted more widely – NHS England is organizing what it is calling a “Thunderclap” on

behalf of John's Campaign, across thousands of social media accounts, including Twitter and

Facebook, at 11am.

Texto

Traditional Agricultural System in the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais

In the Espinhaço Mountain Range of in the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil, a complex agricultural system has been developed as the result of a long co-evolution between traditional communities, known as the Sempre-vivas flower gatherers, and the surrounding environment. This system is rooted in mountainous highlands whose altitude vary from 600 m to 1400 m offering a unique mosaic of landscapes and ecosystems.

The local communities have developed unique agricultural system and cultural identity based on their profound understanding of natural cycles and ecosystems, and vast knowledge regarding native flora management, achieving a great harmony with the environment and conservation of the biodiversity.

Farmers coordinate various types of agricultural activities well adapted to each differing soil, geographic and climatic characteristics to sustain their lives. They operate agroforestry gardening for their daily needs near the houses, grow a large number of species of crops in larger farmlands, collect naturally grown products, rear animals in the pastures and harvest native flowers in the high mountain areas. This GIAHS [Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems] runs through and composes agro-environments from the highest parts of the mountain to lower land areas.

Nowadays, the sempre-vivas flowers and the whole associated system are part of the local identity that have ensured the landscapes conservation as well as food and livelihood security of the communities.

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems - GIAHS

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty that combine agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage. Located in specific sites around the world, they sustainably provide multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security for millions of small-scale farmers.

Unfortunately, these agricultural systems are threatened by many factors including climate change and increased competition for natural resources. They are also dealing with migration due to low economic viability, which has resulted in traditional farming practices being abandoned and endemic species and breeds being lost.

These ancestral agricultural systems constitute the foundation for contemporary and future agricultural innovations and technologies. Their cultural, ecological and agricultural diversity is still evident in many parts of the world, maintained as unique systems of agriculture.

Fonte: Disponível em: http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/ latin-america-and-the-caribbean/semprevivas-minasgerais/en/ >, < http://www.fao.org/giahs/en/ . Acesso em: 26 de maio de 2020. (Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    RUBIÃO found a rival in the heart of Quincas Borba, - a dog, a beautiful dog, half size, lead-colored fur, spotted black. Quincas Borba took it everywhere they slept in the same room. In the morning, it was the dog that woke him up, in bed, where they exchanged their first greetings. One of the owner's extravagances was giving it his own name; but, he explained it for two reasons, one doctrinal, another particular (...).

    - You should laugh, my dear. Because immortality is my lot or my dowry, or as best name there is. I will live perpetually in my book. Those who, however, do not can read, charlatan Quincas Borba to the dog, and ...

    The dog, hearing the name, ran to the bed. Quincas Borba, touched, looked at Quincas Borba.

    - My poor friend! my good friend! my only friend!

    - Unique!

    - Excuse me, you are too, I know, and I thank you very much; but to a sick person everything is forgiven. Perhaps my delusion is beginning. Let me see the mirror.

Trecho traduzido a partir de: http://www.dominiopublico.gov.br/download/texto/b v000243.pdf. Acesso em: 15 dez. 2020.

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

There really is no such thing as Art. There are
only artists. Once these were men who took
coloured earth and roughed out the forms of
a bison on the wall of a cave; today some buy
[5] their paints, and design posters for hoardings;
they did and do many other things. There is
no harm in calling all these activities art ……..
we keep in mind that such a word may mean
very different things in different times and
[10] places, and as long as we realize that Art with
a capital A has no existence. ……… Art with a
capital A has come to be something of a
bogey and a fetish. You may crush an artist
by telling him that what he has just done may
[15] be quite good in its own way, only it is not
'Art'. And you may confound anyone enjoying
a picture by declaring that what he liked in it
was not the Art ……… something different.
Actually I do not think that there are any
[20] wrong reasons for liking a statue or a picture.
Someone may like a landscape painting
because it reminds him of home, or a portrait
because it reminds him of a friend. There is
nothing wrong with that. All of us, when we
[25] see a painting, are bound to be reminded of a
hundred-and-one things which influence our
likes and dislikes. As long as these memories
help us to enjoy what we see, we need not
worry. It is only when some irrelevant
[30] memory makes us prejudiced, when we
instinctively turn away from a magnificent
picture of an alpine scene because we dislike
climbing, that we should search our mind for
the reason for the aversion which spoils a
[35] pleasure we might otherwise have had. There
are wrong reasons for disliking a work of art.
Most people like to see in pictures what they
would also like to see in reality. This is quite a
natural preference. We all like beauty in
[40] nature, and are grateful to the artists who
have preserved it in their works. Nor would
these artists themselves have rebuffed us for
our taste. When the great Flemish painter
Rubens made a drawing of his little boy, he
[45] was surely proud of his good looks. He
wanted us, too, to admire the child. But this
bias for the pretty and engaging subject is apt
to become a stumbling-block if it leads us to
reject works which represent a less appealing
[50] subject. The great German painter Albrecht
Dürer certainly drew his aging mother with as
much devotion and love as Rubens felt for his
chubby child. His truthful study of careworn
old age may give us a shock which makes us
[55] turn away from it — and yet, if we fight
against our first repugnance we may be richly
rewarded, for Dürer's drawing in its
tremendous sincerity is a great work. In fact,
we shall soon discover that the beauty of a
[60] picture does not really lie in the beauty of its
subject-matter.

Adaptado de: GOMBRICH, E. H. The Story of Art. London / New York: Phaidon, 2007. p. 15-18.