THE POWER OF NUMBERS

By: Keith Harding and Alastair Lane

[01] There is an Indian legend that goes like this: Once upon a time, a king challenged a

pilgrim to a game of chess. The pilgrim agreed, but on the condition: if the king lost, he

would put a single grain of rice on the first chess square and then double the amount on

every square after that. The king lost and then discovered the price he had to pay: 1 grain

[05] on the first square, 2 grains on the second, 4 on the third, 8 on the fourth, and so on. By

the 64th square, the amount came to more than 18,000,000,000,000,000,000 grains of

rice!

A modern example of this type of growth is Moore's Law. This Law says that the power of

computer microchips doubles every 18 months. We can see the effects of this if we

[10] compare the space shuttle with a smartphone. The computer on the first space shuttle

could process 400,000 instructions per second and had a memory of 424 kilobytes; a

modern smartphone is over 35,000 times quicker and has over 33,000,000 times more

memory! These increases in computing power have caused scientific discovery to speed

up. It took the Human Genome project 13 years, from 1990 to 2003, to analyze the entire
[15] human genome*. Due to faster computers, scientists can now do this in a week. In the

next decades, computers will equal the power of the human brain. This may result in the

development of computers that are more intelligent than humans. The possible

consequences of this are profound.

The increasing speed of scientific discovery is also partly the result of larger social trends.

[20] In the 1960s in the UK, about 5% of young people went to university. Nowadays 40% of

people in the UK do a degree, whilst in Finland the number has reached 80%. Between

2000 and 2010, the number of students studying in universities abroad rose by 75%.

Because of the increase in university students, more people now do research at a

postgraduate level. This has created greater competition between research departments

[25] for funding. As a result, there is more pressure on scientists to publish their findings

quickly. This new research leads to other new discoveries and, as a consequence, new

technologies are developed more rapidly.

Fonte: Book: International Express- 3^rd edition - OUP- www.oup.com/elt

The speed of change is hard to cope with because it means we need to keep learning and adapting. But we'd better get used it: it's not going to slow down.

TEXT

The Jurutauí Legend

    Jurutauí was the bird with the most beautiful song in the forest and, because it sang so melodiously, it was truly admired by the other birds. One day Jurutauí saw the moon shining splendidly and fell deeply in love with her. Then, to be heard by its muse, it flew to the highest tree to sing love songs through the night, filling the forest with the most devoted sounds.

    Jurutauí couldn’t accept such a distance from its lover and flew higher and higher, trying to reach it. But the power of gravity could not be overcome. After a long struggle Jurutauí fell straight to the ground. Dizzy, it tried to recover and sing its beautiful song, but only a strident and terrible screech came from its throat and echoed through the forest. The other birds surrounded Jurutauí and mourned for the loss of the most beautiful birdsong in the forest. Now when the forest echoes with raucous and sad notes, everyone knows that it’s because Jurutauí is singing.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-juru.html > CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em:31 jul. 16 (adaptado).

TEXT

The Jurutauí Legend

    Jurutauí was the bird with the most beautiful song in the forest and, because it sang so melodiously, it was truly admired by the other birds. One day Jurutauí saw the moon shining splendidly and fell deeply in love with her. Then, to be heard by its muse, it flew to the highest tree to sing love songs through the night, filling the forest with the most devoted sounds.

    Jurutauí couldn’t accept such a distance from its lover and flew higher and higher, trying to reach it. But the power of gravity could not be overcome. After a long struggle Jurutauí fell straight to the ground. Dizzy, it tried to recover and sing its beautiful song, but only a strident and terrible screech came from its throat and echoed through the forest. The other birds surrounded Jurutauí and mourned for the loss of the most beautiful birdsong in the forest. Now when the forest echoes with raucous and sad notes, everyone knows that it’s because Jurutauí is singing.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-juru.html > CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em:31 jul. 16 (adaptado).

THE POWER OF NUMBERS

By: Keith Harding and Alastair Lane

[01] There is an Indian legend that goes like this: Once upon a time, a king challenged a

pilgrim to a game of chess. The pilgrim agreed, but on the condition: if the king lost, he

would put a single grain of rice on the first chess square and then double the amount on

every square after that. The king lost and then discovered the price he had to pay: 1 grain

[05] on the first square, 2 grains on the second, 4 on the third, 8 on the fourth, and so on. By

the 64th square, the amount came to more than 18,000,000,000,000,000,000 grains of

rice!

A modern example of this type of growth is Moore's Law. This Law says that the power of

computer microchips doubles every 18 months. We can see the effects of this if we

[10] compare the space shuttle with a smartphone. The computer on the first space shuttle

could process 400,000 instructions per second and had a memory of 424 kilobytes; a

modern smartphone is over 35,000 times quicker and has over 33,000,000 times more

memory! These increases in computing power have caused scientific discovery to speed

up. It took the Human Genome project 13 years, from 1990 to 2003, to analyze the entire
[15] human genome*. Due to faster computers, scientists can now do this in a week. In the

next decades, computers will equal the power of the human brain. This may result in the

development of computers that are more intelligent than humans. The possible

consequences of this are profound.

The increasing speed of scientific discovery is also partly the result of larger social trends.

[20] In the 1960s in the UK, about 5% of young people went to university. Nowadays 40% of

people in the UK do a degree, whilst in Finland the number has reached 80%. Between

2000 and 2010, the number of students studying in universities abroad rose by 75%.

Because of the increase in university students, more people now do research at a

postgraduate level. This has created greater competition between research departments

[25] for funding. As a result, there is more pressure on scientists to publish their findings

quickly. This new research leads to other new discoveries and, as a consequence, new

technologies are developed more rapidly.

Fonte: Book: International Express- 3^rd edition - OUP- www.oup.com/elt

The speed of change is hard to cope with because it means we need to keep learning and adapting. But we'd better get used it: it's not going to slow down.

THE POWER OF NUMBERS

By: Keith Harding and Alastair Lane

[01] There is an Indian legend that goes like this: Once upon a time, a king challenged a

pilgrim to a game of chess. The pilgrim agreed, but on the condition: if the king lost, he

would put a single grain of rice on the first chess square and then double the amount on

every square after that. The king lost and then discovered the price he had to pay: 1 grain

[05] on the first square, 2 grains on the second, 4 on the third, 8 on the fourth, and so on. By

the 64th square, the amount came to more than 18,000,000,000,000,000,000 grains of

rice!

A modern example of this type of growth is Moore's Law. This Law says that the power of

computer microchips doubles every 18 months. We can see the effects of this if we

[10] compare the space shuttle with a smartphone. The computer on the first space shuttle

could process 400,000 instructions per second and had a memory of 424 kilobytes; a

modern smartphone is over 35,000 times quicker and has over 33,000,000 times more

memory! These increases in computing power have caused scientific discovery to speed

up. It took the Human Genome project 13 years, from 1990 to 2003, to analyze the entire
[15] human genome*. Due to faster computers, scientists can now do this in a week. In the

next decades, computers will equal the power of the human brain. This may result in the

development of computers that are more intelligent than humans. The possible

consequences of this are profound.

The increasing speed of scientific discovery is also partly the result of larger social trends.

[20] In the 1960s in the UK, about 5% of young people went to university. Nowadays 40% of

people in the UK do a degree, whilst in Finland the number has reached 80%. Between

2000 and 2010, the number of students studying in universities abroad rose by 75%.

Because of the increase in university students, more people now do research at a

postgraduate level. This has created greater competition between research departments

[25] for funding. As a result, there is more pressure on scientists to publish their findings

quickly. This new research leads to other new discoveries and, as a consequence, new

technologies are developed more rapidly.

Fonte: Book: International Express- 3^rd edition - OUP- www.oup.com/elt

The speed of change is hard to cope with because it means we need to keep learning and adapting. But we'd better get used it: it's not going to slow down.