Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - News
Disponível em: https: //www.maisbolsas.com.br/. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2023.
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O Texto é um excerto de uma entrevista concedida pela pesquisadora Kate Crawford a propósito de um livro, de sua autoria, sobre a Inteligência Artificial. Ele será utilizado para a questão
Texto
Kate Crawford studies the social and political implications of artificial intelligence. She is a research professor of communication and science and technology studies at the University of Southern California and a senior principal researcher at Microsoft Research.
The Observer: You’ve written a book critical of AI but you work for a company that is among the leaders in its deployment. How do you square that circle?
Kate Crawford: I work in the research wing of Microsoft, which is a distinct organisation. Unusually, over its 30-year history, it has hired social scientists to look critically at how technologies are being built. My book did not go through any pre-publication review – Microsoft Research does not require that – and my lab leaders support asking hard questions, even if the answers involve a critical assessment of current technological practices.
The Observer: What’s the aim of the book?
Kate Crawford: We are commonly presented with this vision of AI that is abstract and immaterial. I wanted to show how AI is made in a wider sense – its natural resource costs, its labour processes, and its classificatory logics. My hope is that, by showing how AI systems work, we will have a more accurate account of the impacts, and it will invite more people into the conversation. These systems are being rolled out across a multitude of sectors without strong regulation, consent or democratic debate.
(Adaptado de CORBYN Z.. Microsoft’s Kate Crawford: ‘AI is neither artificial nor intelligent’. The Observer, 06/06/2021. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian. com/technology/2021/jun/06/microsofts-kate-crawford-ai-is-neither-artificial-norintelligent. Acesso em: 01/08/2023.)
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A zoo in eastern China has denied suggestions that some of its bears were people dressed in costume after videos of a Malayan sun bear standing on its hind legs – and looking uncannily human – went viral, fueling rumors and conspiracy theories on Chinese social media.
In a statement written from the perspective of a sun bear named “Angela,” officials from a zoo in Hangzhou said people “didn’t understand” the species.
“I’m Angela the sun bear – I got a call after work yesterday from the head of the zoo asking if I was being lazy and skipped work today and found a human to take my place,” the statement read.
“Let me reiterate again to everyone that I am a sun bear – not a black bear, not a dog – a sun bear!”
In videos shared on the popular Chinese microblogging site Weibo, a sun bear was seen standing upright on a rock and looking out of its enclosure.
Many Weibo users noted the animal’s upright posture, as well as folds of loose fur on its behind – making the bear look somewhat odd and fueling speculation that a human imposter might be masquerading in its place.
It might sound like an implausible gambit. But zoos in China have courted public ridicule in the past for trying to pass off pets like dogs as wild animals.
In 2013, a city zoo in the central Henan province angered visitors by trying to pass off a Tibetan Mastiff dog as a lion. Visitors who had approached the enclosure expressed shock when they heard the “lion” bark.
Visitors at another Chinese zoo, in Sichuan province, were shocked to discover a golden retriever sitting in a cage labeled as an African lion enclosure
Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/01/china/sun-bear-claims-china-hangzhou-zoointl-hnk (Adaptado)
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The eco-friendly glass that’s hard to crack
There's laughter over the phone as John Mauro calls out my question to one of his researchers: just how much pummelling with a mallet does it take to break the new glass they have developed? "You've got to put your body into it," says Prof Mauro, of Pennsylvania State University, as he describes how the glass must first be scratched deeply with diamond or tungsten carbide stylus - and then hammered by a post-doctoral researcher wielding a mallet.
Prof Mauro claims the invention, called LionGlass, is ten times stronger than standard glass. Imagine a wine bottle unscathed, even after falling onto a tiled kitchen floor.
However, few details about LionGlass are available as the research has not been published in a peer-reviewed journal yet and the team have only recently filed a patent application.
One key detail is that, unlike standard glass, the production of this glass doesn't need soda ash or limestone. The alternative ingredients are currently a closely guarded secret.
Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66359047. Accessed on Oct. 24th, 2023 [Adapted]
What have the team of researchers done recently?
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The first Game Developers Conference, in 1988, attracted 25 participants and took place in a programmer’s sitting room in California. This 2023 summit, which began on March 20 in a giant exhibition centre in San Francisco, demonstrates how the industry has grown. Some 3.2 billion people now play, thanks largely to the spread of the smartphone. Women are now almost as likely as men to call themselves gamers. Gaming is catching on among all age groups. In Britain, for instance, half of those aged 55-64 play video games, though for less time than the young. Worldwide there are now more console owners aged 35-44 than 16-24.
The bigger the audience, the bigger the market. Consumers will spend 185 billion dollars on games in 2023, more than half on mobile games. That is about five times the value of the cinema box office, and two-thirds more than the video-streaming business. As gaming continues to grow, it is beginning to rival television as the world’s favourite entertainment medium.
(https://view.e.economist.com, 20.03.2023. Adaptado.)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “As gaming continues to grow, it is beginning to rival television as the world’s favourite entertainment medium”, os termos sublinhados equivalem, em português, respectivamente, a
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The first Game Developers Conference, in 1988, attracted 25 participants and took place in a programmer’s sitting room in California. This 2023 summit, which began on March 20 in a giant exhibition centre in San Francisco, demonstrates how the industry has grown. Some 3.2 billion people now play, thanks largely to the spread of the smartphone. Women are now almost as likely as men to call themselves gamers. Gaming is catching on among all age groups. In Britain, for instance, half of those aged 55-64 play video games, though for less time than the young. Worldwide there are now more console owners aged 35-44 than 16-24.
The bigger the audience, the bigger the market. Consumers will spend 185 billion dollars on games in 2023, more than half on mobile games. That is about five times the value of the cinema box office, and two-thirds more than the video-streaming business. As gaming continues to grow, it is beginning to rival television as the world’s favourite entertainment medium.
(https://view.e.economist.com, 20.03.2023. Adaptado.)
Uma interpretação matemática plausível da frase do segundo parágrafo “The bigger the audience, the bigger the market”, considerando o público e o mercado de games, é de
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