Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Survey
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Plastic straws, cotton buds and drink stirrers to be banned in England
Plastic straws and drink stirrers, and cotton buds with plastic stems will be banned from sale and use in England from next April, the government has confirmed. The move, which has been in the offing for more than a year, is hoped to vastly reduce the litter and other environmental impacts of the nearly 5 billion plastic straws currently used each year in England, along with more than 300 million plastic stirrers and close to 2 billion cotton buds with plastic stems.
Huge numbers of these items, particularly cotton buds, are flushed down toilets or otherwise end up in litter – surveys have recently found waterways across the UK full of plastic, putting wildlife at risk.
Alternatives are available, including serving drinks without straws or stirrers, which is preferable, or using paper straws and biodegradable products in place of plastic stirrers and cotton buds. The only exceptions to the new rule will be for people with a medical need or disability, for whom plastic straws and other materials will be available upon request.
(Fiona Harvey. www.theguardian.com, 22.05.2019. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, o objetivo da medida do governo inglês é
Texto
What brain foods are good for remembering what you studied?
Need help remembering what you've just studied? Head to your kitchen. Research suggests certain foods are good for the brain and may boost your memory. Along with getting enough sleep and developing other healthy habits, eating brain foods can be an effective study aid.
Eggs: Eggs are good for your memory because they are a good source of protein, a nutrient that helps you concentrate, according to registered dietitian Elisa Zied, author of “Nutrition at Your Fingertips.” Eggs also contain choline, a precursor to a neurotransmitter needed for good memory.
Cereal: Cereal provides carbohydrates, which help you remember what you studied by boosting your mental energy. Carbs turn into glucose, a sugar your brain needs to think clearly. Cereals with whole grains also provide B vitamins, nutrients the nerves in your brain need to communicate, Zied says.
Fish: Salmon, tuna and other varieties of oily fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, also known as polyunsaturated fatty acids. A symptom for someone low in omega-3s is poor memory. In addition to omega3 fatty acids, fish contains vitamin B-12, which is important for good memory, according to the NIH’s Office of Dietary Supplements.
Getting a good night’s sleep and eating a healthy breakfast will also help you remember what you studied. Research shows eating breakfast improves attention and boosts academic achievement. Additionally, keeping your cholesterol and blood pressure in check and avoiding smoking will help your brain health and may sharpen your memory, according to an article by nutritionist Joy Bauer on NBCNews.com.
Fonte: Disponível em:http:// https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/brain-foods-good-remembering-studied-5381.html. Acesso em: 28 set. de 2018. (Adaptado)
Segundo o texto, a ingestão dos alimentos apresentados e destacados auxilia nos estudos, pois esses alimentos:
Genetically modified foods
Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance toplant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides.
In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. All GM foods should be assessed before being allowed on the market. FAO/WHO Codex guidelines exist for risk analysis of GM food.
(www.who.int)
According to the text, genetically modified foods
Cabin Environment
There is an erroneous perception that the cabin environment of a pressurized aircraft 1 is bad. That is not true. Treated by
HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance) filters – similar to those used in organ transplanting and burn hospital units – the air
in airplane cabins is climatized and dehydrated, which makes the environment free from fungi and bacteria and - because the air
relative humidity becomes very low – even protects the existing airborne electronic equipment (avionics). The air flow is directed
[5] downwards, thus reducing the rate of contamination between seats. Additionally, all of the cabin air is replaced every three minutes.
This will keep the oxygen rates throughout the aircraft at much higher levels than those required by human consumption, and
carbon dioxide and particulate matter at acceptable levels with respect to passenger safety, health and comfort.
(Adaptado de: TAM magazine, ano 3, nº 34, dez. 2006.)
Consider the following consequences:
1. Bacteria are eliminated.
2. Air humidity becomes low.
3. The environment is subject to risk.
4. Passengers become healthier.
5. Aircraft equipment may be exposed to danger.
6. Air becomes dehydrated.
Which sentences refer to consequences of using HEPA filters in aircraft cabins?
TEXTO
RAC SAYS NEW HEADLIGHTS ‘BLINDING DRIVERS’
24 March 2018
Drivers are being temporarily blinded by modern vehicle headlights, according to an RAC survey.
Two-thirds of drivers say they are "regularly dazzled" by oncoming headlights even though they are dipped, the survey of 2,061 motorists suggests.
And 67% of those said it can take up to fi ve seconds for their sight to clear with a further 10% claiming the eff ect on their eyes lasts up to 10 seconds.
The RAC said advances in headlight technology were causing the problem.
About 15% of those drivers polled said they had nearly suff ered a collision as a result of being dazzled by other drivers using full-beam headlights.
'Unwanted risk'
RAC road safety spokesman Pete Williams said: "The intensity and brightness of some new car headlights is clearly causing diffi culty for other road users.
"Headlight technology has advanced considerably in recent years, but while that may be better for the drivers of those particular vehicles, it is presenting an unwanted, new road safety risk for anyone driving towards them or even trying to pull out at a junction.”
All cars sold for road use in the UK have to be fi tted with headlamps that conform to standards set by the EU in line with the UN's World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations.
A UN working party is currently looking at the issue of headlight glare with its next meeting due to be held at the end of next month.
Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43525525
A pesquisa realizada por uma empresa do Reino Unido constatou que os faróis de veículos modernos
Linguistic imperialism: African perspectives
Abstract
Ninety per cent of the population in Africa today speak only African languages (Ng˜ug˜ı wa Thiong’o, 1992.
p.27).
Seventy per cent of South Africa’s population understand Zulu (Neville Alexander in Bhanot, 1994). There’s no such thing as Nigerian English (Achebe, 1992. p.73). This is a response to a recent article in ELT Journal on aspects of African language policy (Bisong, 1995). Among the points taken up are: research evidence from African scholars; multilingualism and monolingualism; proposed changes in language policy from the Organization for African Unity and in current initiatives in South Africa; the language that literature is written in; bilingual education; and whose interests ELT is serving.
(PHILLIPSON, R. ELT Journal. Oxford. v.50. Issue 2. 1996. p.160-167. Disponível em: 50/2/160.abstract>. Acesso em: 25 set. 2015.)
Considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I. Este texto pode ser classificado como um gênero acadêmico.
II. O texto trata de imperialismo linguístico na África.
III. O autor escreve o texto para responder a um artigo publicado no ano anterior, pela mesma revista (ELT Journal).
IV. De acordo com o texto, 19% da população africana hoje fala apenas línguas africanas.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
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