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History of Human Rights

Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected—he freed all slaves to return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. The Cyrus Cylinder, a clay tablet containing his statements, is the first human rights declaration in history.

The idea of human rights spread quickly to India, Greece and eventually Rome. The most important advances since then have included:

1215: The Magna Carta - gave people new rights and made the king subject to the law.

1628: The Petition of Right - set out the rights of the people.

1776: The United States Declaration of Independence - proclaimed the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

1789: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - a document of France, stating that all citizens are equal under the law.

1948: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - the first document listing the 30 rights to which everyone is entitled.

Fonte: Disponível em< https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights/background-of-human-rights.html >. Acesso em: 17 de setembro de 2019.(Adaptado)

Glossário:

Conquering: conquistar
Clay tablet: bloco de argila
Spread: espalhou
Pursuit of: em busca de

Technology brought us fake news — and it will help us kill it

   “Fake news” - websites disseminating news stories that are false but are believed to be true – was a major feature of the U.S. election season. Some observers believe that it determined the outcome of the election, although there is no way to definitively ascertain its effect on voting.

  Fake news is news that affects the digital universe profoundly. Fake news grew because of the ease of creating and disseminating websites and stories that look and read as credible as real news sites (at least to many people). It is disseminated on social media platforms just because dissemination of information without vetting has always been a feature of those platforms. This was designed tofacilitate communication - no one removes a negative comment about a restaurant on Facebook.

  On the positive side, this means that everyone’s opinion can be disseminated. The awareness of fake news, though, reveals a downside – or perhaps a loophole – of the freedom to post. And fake news may beget1 fake news. Facebook is not the only media company to be an inadvertent host for fake news, but it is by far the largest, with roughly 2 billion users each month.

  Forbes indicates that the fallout2 from fake news during the election cycle may cause advertisers topull back from Facebook, as it is less “brand safe” than  formerly. If unchecked, fake news could impact the perceived credibility of online sites where fake news runs. Since the election, Facebook has announced plans to refine and increase automated detection of fake news and to make reporting of suspected stories easier for Facebook users. It has also indicated that the current ad system will be changed, to interfere with fake news sites receiving revenue from Facebook.

https://tinyurl.com/y8jfq2t4 Acesso em: 07.11.2017. Adaptado.

Glossáriobeget1: gerar, criar, produzir. 

fallout 2: efeitos negativos.

Read the following text about the question.

Jane Eyre story (Charlotte Brontë)

My story ends. […]
And then, I saw the house. The house had no roof. Its walls were burnt and black. Nobody was living
there. I looked at the burnt, black house. I had seen this before. I had seen it in a dream! I was frightened.
Where was Edward Rochester? […]
‘I must go to Ferndean immediately.’
I got out of the carriage near Ferndean. I walked to the house. I Knocked on the door. A servant opened
it. I knew her.
‘Oh, Miss Eyre! You have come,’ she said. ‘Mr. Rochester’s bell,’ the woman said. ‘He wants some
candles.’ There were two candles on a table near the door. The woman lit them and she pecked them up.
‘Mr. Rochester is blind, but he always burns candles in his room in the evenings,’ she said.
‘Give the candles tome,’ I said. ‘I will take them to him.’[…]
‘I know that voice. And I know this little hand,’ Mr. Rochester said. ‘Is that you Jane?’
‘Yes, Sir, I have found you at last,’ I said. ‘I will never leave you again.’ Then I told Mr. Rochester my
story.
‘Why did you leave your cousins, Jane?’ Mr. Rochester asked. ‘Why did you come back to me? I am
blind. I have only one hand.’
‘I will have a wife, Edward,’ I said. ‘I will be your wife. I will marry you. I loved you very much at
Thornfield Hall. Now I love you more.’
Mr. Rochester and I got married. After a time, his eyes were better. He could see a little. He saw the face
of our first child! My dear Edward and I are very happy.