Prova ACAFE 2015/1 Medicina
70 Questões
Brazil cotton deal perpetuates an unhealthy status quo of subsidies
Published by The Washington Post (The text below has been slightly modified to better suit the exam)
1. When is a victory for the United States not a victory
for the American taxpayer? When it’s an international
agreement like the one the Obama administration has
just reached to settle a long-running dispute with
Brazil over cotton subsidies. The roots of that dispute
lie in this country’s history of showering federal funds
on crop producers, including cotton growers. That
particular business received $32.9 billion from
Washington between 1995 and 2012, according to
the Environmental Working Group, largely through
programs that had the effect of rewarding farmers for
increasing production. The extra supply dampened
prices on the world market, so, in 2002, Brazil
complained to the World Trade Organization, which
ruled that US cotton subsidies were indeed
“trade-distorting” and authorized Brazil to retaliate
against US exports. The United States avoided
sanctions — not by reforming its programs but by
agreeing in 2010 to pay Brazil’s cotton farmers
$147.3 million per year.
2. In short, the US government bought off Brazil’s
cotton farmers so that it could keep on buying off its
own. Under the new settlement, announced
Wednesday, Brazil agreed to drop its case at the
WTO and to forgo any new ones during the five-year
term of the farm bill Congress enacted last year. In
return, the United States agreed to trim the modest
US cotton export credit subsidy program and, most
important, to pay Brazil one last dollop of taxpayer
cash, in the amount of $300 million.
3. This is good news to the extent that it fortifies
US-Brazil relations on the eve of a new presidential
term in that country and that it spares US exporters
from the threat of Brazilian retaliation, which could
have reached a total of $829 million per year. Yet, in
essence, the new deal perpetuates the unhealthy
status quo whereby the United States pays Brazil
____ the right ____ continue propping _____ a
domestic cotton industry that can ____ should learn
to compete ____ its own.
What does buy off mean as used in the text?
TEXTO 2
La pereza
Perder el tiempo es la frase más odiosa para un estadunidense que se respete. El pecado capital de la pereza no existe en Estados Unidos. El trabajo es el dios unificador. No estar ocioso es la gran virtud del norteamericano, y como todas las grandes virtudes se paga con la desaparición de un placer. En este caso el del goce de la vida pasiva, desde la puesta del sol, paladeada sensualmente, hasta esa flor de la civilización y la pereza que se llama conversar.
El chicle representa, a menudo, la solución al problema de la inactividad. Da la sensación de comer cuando no se come, de beber cuando no se bebe y, lo más importante, la sensación de hacer algo continuamente.
Fernando Díaz Plaja, Los siete pecados capitales en Estados Unidos. In: García-Serrano, M. Victoria et Al., ¡A QUE SÍ! Heinie & Heinie Publishers, Boston Mass., USA, 1993, pág. 124.
Indica la alternativa que complete los espacios en la frase siguiente:
SI TRABAJAS ______ DURANTE EL DÍA, EN LA NOCHE ESTARÁS ________ CANSADO.
TEXTO 2
La pereza
Perder el tiempo es la frase más odiosa para un estadunidense que se respete. El pecado capital de la pereza no existe en Estados Unidos. El trabajo es el dios unificador. No estar ocioso es la gran virtud del norteamericano, y como todas las grandes virtudes se paga con la desaparición de un placer. En este caso el del goce de la vida pasiva, desde la puesta del sol, paladeada sensualmente, hasta esa flor de la civilización y la pereza que se llama conversar.
El chicle representa, a menudo, la solución al problema de la inactividad. Da la sensación de comer cuando no se come, de beber cuando no se bebe y, lo más importante, la sensación de hacer algo continuamente.
Fernando Díaz Plaja, Los siete pecados capitales en Estados Unidos. In: García-Serrano, M. Victoria et Al., ¡A QUE SÍ! Heinie & Heinie Publishers, Boston Mass., USA, 1993, pág. 124.
Lee con atención las frases siguientes:
( 1 ) De lunes a viernes LEVANTO-ME temprano para ir a trabajar.
( 2 ) ¿POR QUÉ no viniste a trabajar ayer? PORQUE estaba enfermo.
( 3 ) En algunas naciones el trabajador manual gana poco, es mal PAGADO.
( 4 ) EL QUE madruga Dios ayuda.
( 5 ) QUIEN TRABAJA es trabajador y QUIENES HOLGAZANEAN, perezosos.
Las correctas, todas, son:
Brazil cotton deal perpetuates an unhealthy status quo of subsidies
Published by The Washington Post (The text below has been slightly modified to better suit the exam)
1. When is a victory for the United States not a victory
for the American taxpayer? When it’s an international
agreement like the one the Obama administration has
just reached to settle a long-running dispute with
Brazil over cotton subsidies. The roots of that dispute
lie in this country’s history of showering federal funds
on crop producers, including cotton growers. That
particular business received $32.9 billion from
Washington between 1995 and 2012, according to
the Environmental Working Group, largely through
programs that had the effect of rewarding farmers for
increasing production. The extra supply dampened
prices on the world market, so, in 2002, Brazil
complained to the World Trade Organization, which
ruled that US cotton subsidies were indeed
“trade-distorting” and authorized Brazil to retaliate
against US exports. The United States avoided
sanctions — not by reforming its programs but by
agreeing in 2010 to pay Brazil’s cotton farmers
$147.3 million per year.
2. In short, the US government bought off Brazil’s
cotton farmers so that it could keep on buying off its
own. Under the new settlement, announced
Wednesday, Brazil agreed to drop its case at the
WTO and to forgo any new ones during the five-year
term of the farm bill Congress enacted last year. In
return, the United States agreed to trim the modest
US cotton export credit subsidy program and, most
important, to pay Brazil one last dollop of taxpayer
cash, in the amount of $300 million.
3. This is good news to the extent that it fortifies
US-Brazil relations on the eve of a new presidential
term in that country and that it spares US exporters
from the threat of Brazilian retaliation, which could
have reached a total of $829 million per year. Yet, in
essence, the new deal perpetuates the unhealthy
status quo whereby the United States pays Brazil
____ the right ____ continue propping _____ a
domestic cotton industry that can ____ should learn
to compete ____ its own.
Choose the correct alternative below with the past participle forms of the verbs “lie” (first paragraph), “keep” (second paragraph) and “forgo” (second paragraph).
( ) A taxa percentual de decrescimento na cor branca e a taxa percentual de crescimento na cor parda, no período 2000 / 2010, foi de 12,5% e 9,4%, respectivamente.
( ) Entre os pardos e negros, quem sofreu uma maior variação de taxa percentual no período 2000 / 2010 foi a cor negra.
( ) Entre 2000 / 2010 o Brasil registrou um crescimento médio anual de 1,17%.
( ) A diferença entre a população indígena no período 2000 / 2010 é de 50.000 habitantes.
A sequência correta, de cima para baixo, é:
Uma pessoa compra um terreno de 40 metros de comprimento por 20 metros de largura. Ela deseja deseja construir uma casa e estabelece ao arquiteto contratado pelo projeto certas condições:
l a área destinada ao lazer deve ter 200m2;
ll a área interna da casa mais a área de lazer devem ultrapassar 50% da área total do terreno;
lll o custo da construção da casa deve ser menor que R$ 450.000,00.
Sabendo que o metro quadrado construído custa R$ 1.500,00, a área interna da casa que o arquiteto irá projetar será: