Questões de Inglês - Vocabulary
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Some of the world’s leading artificial intelligence (AI) researchers are calling for a pause on research into AI, claiming that safety issues must first be urgently addressed. If not, the outcomes could be devastating for humanity. Others say any pause in development would not only be impractical to enforce on a global scale, but could also stand in the way of advances that could both improve and save lives.
The AI that is currently available already has the power to radically alter society, in new ways that we are seeing every day. So how might it progress over the coming years? Are we on the brink of an artificial intelligence-powered utopia or dystopia?
Firstly, technology has been automating jobs since the Industrial Revolution, though never before has it happened on this scale. Everyone from truck drivers to voice over artists are at risk of being replaced by AI. A recent study found that just over 30 jobs are considered safe from automation in the near future. They range from mechanics to athletes, though they represent just a sliver of the current labour market. While new jobs will be created, there is a significant chance that the majority of the population will be left jobless. This could either lead to:
Utopia: A new leisure class emerges, living off a universal basic income funded by taxes on robots and the companies that operate them.
Dystopia: Mass unemployment results in social unrest, similar to the way laid off factory workers trashed the machines that replaced them. With so many jobs at risk and the potential for huge wealth inequality, some fear it could ultimately result in societal collapse.
Secondly, artificial intelligence is already contributing to major scientific advances, dramatically accelerating the time it takes to make discoveries. It has been used to invent millions of materials that did not previously exist, find potential drug molecules 1,000 times faster than previous methods, and improve our understanding of the universe. This could either lead to:
Utopia: Cancer and all other life-threatening diseases are cured, leading to a new age of health and prosperity. Scientists are already using AI tools to make breakthroughs in longevity medicine, which aims to end or even reverse ageing.
Dystopia: The same AI-enabled technology could be used for malevolent purposes, creating entirely new diseases and viruses. These could be used as bioweapons, capable of devastating populations that don’t have access to cures or the tech needed to develop them.
(Anthony Cuthbertson. www.independent.co.uk, 03.05.2023. Adaptado.)
No contexto apresentado pelo texto, a frase que indica uma situação hipotética é:
Texto
realmadrid ✓ - Real Madrid C. F. condemns all types of racist and xenophobic language and behaviour in football, sport and life in general, such as the regrettable and unfortunate comments made against our player O ViniJr in the last few hours. Real Madrid would like to express its affection and support for Vinicius Junior, a player who regards football as an attitude towards life through joy, respect and sportsmanship. Football is the most global sport there is and should be a model of values and coexistence. The club has directed its legal services to take legal action against anyone who makes racist remarks towards our players.
From: https://www.instagram.com/p/CiILbBFIN6V. Accessed on 01/12/2023
A publicação do Real Madrid indica que:
Texto - Influence on Others - Part I
Not only was Pelé a symbol of Brazil, he was a symbol within the
structures of Brazilian society. At this time in Brazil as Galeano descri-
bes, “in the global social pyramid, blacks are at the bottom and whites
are at the top. In Brazil this 1s called “racial democracy” (1) This social
hierarchy was rigid in Brazil, like in so many countries, and few of those
born on the lower end of the chain were able to navigate their way to
the top. Some of the rare few who could climb the social ladder were
athletes who gained fame and status, both social and economic, through
their athletic prowess.
Clearly Pelé was such an athlete. Galeano comments: “With the
passage of time, the old soccer mutilated by racism gave way to splen-
dor of its diverse colors. And after so many years it is obvious that
Brazil's best players have always been blacks or mulattos. All of them
came up from poverty, soccer offers a shot at social mobility for a poor
child”(2) Pelé's ascent from birth into a poor Brazilian family to beco-
ming an international superstar was evidence of the socially-mobilizing
tool of football.
To other poor Brazilians, Pelé was a source of hope and confidence
that they too could overcome their hardships. Journalist Joao Luiz de
Albuquerque said of Pelé's impact: “He was the light at the end of the
tunnel. All the poor said, “hey, this guy made it, I can make it.” He
brought the rest of Brazil with him:”(3).
• (1) Galeano, Eduardo. Soccer in Sun and Shadow. London UK: Verso 1998. Page 43.
• (2) Galeano 43
• (3)Kirby espn.com. Also on this topic: Murray, Bill. The World's Game: A history of Soccer. University of Illinois Press: Chicago 1996. Page 120.
From: https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/rescarch-projects/brazil/pele/influence-on-others/. Accessed on 01/11/2023
A rigidez da hierarquia social no Brasil tem feito com que:
Match the words according to their synonyms:
1 – strong ( ) clever
2 – hungry ( ) powerful
3 – gorgeous ( ) beautiful
4 – intelligent ( ) starving
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
Mo Farah says he was trafficked to the U.K. and forced into child labor
July 12, 20229:50 AM ET Mo Farah says he was trafficked to the U.K. and forced into child labor : NPR
Olympic gold medalist Mo Farah says he was trafficked to the U.K. under a false name and forced into child labor, revealing stunning details about the painful path that culminated in him being awarded a knighthood. “Most people know me as Mo Farah, but it’s not my name — or, it’s not the reality,” Farah said in a new documentary about the track star.
“The real story is, I was born in Somaliland, north of Somalia, as Hussein Abdi Kahin,” he added. Farah has previously said he came to the U.K. as a young child with his parents, fleeing the war in Somalia. But he now says his father died when Farah was four years old, and that he was soon separated from his mother and other relatives.
“I was brought into the U.K. illegally under the name of another child, called Mohammed Farah,” he said. At the time, he was around 8 or 9 years old.
The documentary, made by the BBC and Red Bull Studios, includes footage of visa documents that Farah says were faked, bearing his photo and another child’s name.
“I know I’ve taken someone else’s place. And I do wonder, what is Mohammed doing now?” he said in the documentary, clips of which are posted on the BBC’s website.
The woman who brought Farah into the U.K. had told him he would soon join his relatives in the country. He carried a piece of paper with his family members’ contact information on it. But after arriving, the woman tore up the paper and threw it in the trash.
“The lady, what she did wasn’t right,” Farah said. Farah described being exploited and threatened, as he worked in the household of another family. There, he was forced to cook and clean and tend to other children — and he was told to keep his mouth shut about his true origin, or the authorities would take him away.
“Often, I would just lock myself in the bathroom and cry, and nobody’s there to help. So after a while, I just learned not to have that emotion,” he said.
The celebrated runner says his unique abilities and luck are all that saved him from trafficking and forced servitude. When he was finally allowed to attend school, his talents quickly drew the attention of a teacher who connected with him — and who then helped Farah get placed into a foster home with a different Somali family.
Farah, who received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth in 2017, says he’s speaking out now about what he went through to raise public awareness about other people who are caught in the same plight. The BBC says it attempted to contact the woman who brought Farah into the U.K. for her side of the story, but she hasn’t replied.
(Mo Farah says he was trafficked to the U.K. and forced into child labor : NPR)
Leia o fragmento do texto a seguir .
Olympic gold medalist Mo Farah says he was trafficked to the U.K. under a false name and forced into child labor, revealing stunning details about the painful path that culminated in him being awarded a knighthood.
Com base no fragmento do texto, assinale a alternativa que apresenta, corretamente, o sinônimo da palavra “stunning”.
Leia o pôster de uma campanha do grupo “Dementia Together Northern Ireland” para responder à questão.
(www.publichealth.hscni, 20.01.2017.)
In the excerpt “you can help to support them”, the underlined word can be replaced, without meaning change, by