Questões de Inglês - Vocabulary - Health
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Some of the world’s leading artificial intelligence (AI) researchers are calling for a pause on research into AI, claiming that safety issues must first be urgently addressed. If not, the outcomes could be devastating for humanity. Others say any pause in development would not only be impractical to enforce on a global scale, but could also stand in the way of advances that could both improve and save lives.
The AI that is currently available already has the power to radically alter society, in new ways that we are seeing every day. So how might it progress over the coming years? Are we on the brink of an artificial intelligence-powered utopia or dystopia?
Firstly, technology has been automating jobs since the Industrial Revolution, though never before has it happened on this scale. Everyone from truck drivers to voice over artists are at risk of being replaced by AI. A recent study found that just over 30 jobs are considered safe from automation in the near future. They range from mechanics to athletes, though they represent just a sliver of the current labour market. While new jobs will be created, there is a significant chance that the majority of the population will be left jobless. This could either lead to:
Utopia: A new leisure class emerges, living off a universal basic income funded by taxes on robots and the companies that operate them.
Dystopia: Mass unemployment results in social unrest, similar to the way laid off factory workers trashed the machines that replaced them. With so many jobs at risk and the potential for huge wealth inequality, some fear it could ultimately result in societal collapse.
Secondly, artificial intelligence is already contributing to major scientific advances, dramatically accelerating the time it takes to make discoveries. It has been used to invent millions of materials that did not previously exist, find potential drug molecules 1,000 times faster than previous methods, and improve our understanding of the universe. This could either lead to:
Utopia: Cancer and all other life-threatening diseases are cured, leading to a new age of health and prosperity. Scientists are already using AI tools to make breakthroughs in longevity medicine, which aims to end or even reverse ageing.
Dystopia: The same AI-enabled technology could be used for malevolent purposes, creating entirely new diseases and viruses. These could be used as bioweapons, capable of devastating populations that don’t have access to cures or the tech needed to develop them.
(Anthony Cuthbertson. www.independent.co.uk, 03.05.2023. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the seventh paragraph “which aims to end or even reverse ageing”, the underlined word refers to
Analise o infográfico para responder à questão.
No trecho “Domestic violence can have lasting effects”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a:
Across the board, suicide rates among young Americans have risen; from 2007 to 2018, suicide rates for Americans ages 10 to 24 rose by 57%, and the increase was particularly significant among young girls, contributing to a narrowing of the persistent suicide gender gap. Rates plateaued from 2018 to 2019—the most recent year with available federal data—but they stood far higher than those of decades past. A multinational study published in the Lancet Psychiatry in April found that U.S. suicide rates actually decreased somewhat during the early months of the pandemic, compared to the year before it—but given spiking anxiety and depression rates during the pandemic, which studies suggest took a particularly harsh toll on young people, there’s good reason for continuing concern. Girls of color are increasingly accounting for this trend. According to one 2019 Pediatrics study, the number of white children attempting suicide in the U.S. decreased from 1991 to 2017, while the number of Black children attempting suicide went up. “Black youths are two times more likely to die by suicide compared to their white counterparts,” says Arielle Sheftall. Now, she says, “we’re trying to figure this out.” There’s rarely a single thing that drives someone to attempt suicide, and similarly there are many factors—from bullying to stigma to childhood trauma and racism—but no one cause that could help to explain the increase in suicides among Black youth.
Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/. Acesso em:13 maio 2020. Adaptado.
Com base no texto, afirma-se que
I. de modo geral, o suicídio entre jovens nos USA tem crescido historicamente.
II. ansiedade e depressão na pandemia impactaram o aumento de suicídios.
III. meninas negras nos USA cometem mais suicídio do que meninas brancas.
IV. o estudo aponta motivos para o suicídio e sugere como enfrentá-los.
V. o suicídio entre jovens aumentou durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Consumption is in the very nature of living. To live is to consume. But it becomes excessive when it extends beyond what is needed. Our Earth produces enough resources to meet all of our needs, but it does not produce enough resources to meet all of our wants. And whether you consider yourself an environmentalist or not, it is difficult to argue with the fact that consuming more resources than the earth can replace is not a healthy trend, especially when it is completely unnecessary.
(www.forbes.com. Adaptado.)
No trecho “consuming more resources than the Earth can replace is not a healthy trend”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a
As more than a million people struggle to rebuild their lives in flood-affected parts of Mozambique following Cyclone Idai, emergency teams with the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) have started medical response activities.
“The cyclone has left a path of devastation with thousands of houses destroyed, which has left the community vulnerable and exposed to the elements,” said Gert Verdonck, MSF’s emergency coordinator in Beira. “The supply chain has been broken, creating food, clean water, and health care shortages. The scale of extreme damage will likely lead to a dramatic increase of waterborne diseases, skin infections, respiratory tract infections, and malaria in the coming days and weeks. Furthermore, the local health system and its regular services, such as HIV treatment and maternal health care, have also been disrupted.”
Having no access to clean drinking water, many people have no option but to drink from contaminated wells. “Some people are even resorting to drinking stagnant water by the side of the road. This, of course, results in an increase of patients suffering from diarrhea” Verdonck said. More recently, following the Mozambique’s official declaration of cholera, MSF is scaling up activities to treat people suffering from the disease and help curb its spread.
Outside of the health centers, MSF is running mobile clinics to provide primary health care to the most affected communities. These teams are visiting poorer areas of Beira and also some of the 37 transit centers where those whose homes have been destroyed and those who were rescued from flooded areas outside of Beira are sheltering.
To date, the mobile clinics have primarily treated cases of diarrhea, respiratory infections, skin and wound infections. When patients are in need of more substantial medical care, MSF transports them to the hospital or to a nearby health center.
Disponível em: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org. Acesso em: abr. 2019. Adaptado.
The word or expression from the text has been correctly defined in
As more than a million people struggle to rebuild their lives in flood-affected parts of Mozambique following Cyclone Idai, emergency teams with the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) have started medical response activities.
“The cyclone has left a path of devastation with thousands of houses destroyed, which has left the community vulnerable and exposed to the elements,” said Gert Verdonck, MSF’s emergency coordinator in Beira. “The supply chain has been broken, creating food, clean water, and health care shortages. The scale of extreme damage will likely lead to a dramatic increase of waterborne diseases, skin infections, respiratory tract infections, and malaria in the coming days and weeks. Furthermore, the local health system and its regular services, such as HIV treatment and maternal health care, have also been disrupted.”
Having no access to clean drinking water, many people have no option but to drink from contaminated wells. “Some people are even resorting to drinking stagnant water by the side of the road. This, of course, results in an increase of patients suffering from diarrhea” Verdonck said. More recently, following the Mozambique’s official declaration of cholera, MSF is scaling up activities to treat people suffering from the disease and help curb its spread.
Outside of the health centers, MSF is running mobile clinics to provide primary health care to the most affected communities. These teams are visiting poorer areas of Beira and also some of the 37 transit centers where those whose homes have been destroyed and those who were rescued from flooded areas outside of Beira are sheltering.
To date, the mobile clinics have primarily treated cases of diarrhea, respiratory infections, skin and wound infections. When patients are in need of more substantial medical care, MSF transports them to the hospital or to a nearby health center.
Disponível em: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org. Acesso em: abr. 2019. Adaptado.
According to Gert Verdonck, poor people in Beira
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