O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.
Coffee Processing and Coffee Quality
By ‘Coffee Review’
Coffee beans are not beans at all in a botanical sense. They are the twin seeds of a red (sometimes yellow) fruit that grows to about the size of the tip of your little finger. Growers call these coffee fruit coffee cherries. Before the coffee can be shipped and roasted, the bean or seed must be separated from the fruit. Nature has been lavish in its packaging of the coffee seed, and removing the three sets of skin and one layer of pulp from around the seed is a complex process. If done properly, the coffee looks better, tastes better, and demands a higher price.
The worst preparation or processing would be as follows: The coffee berries are stripped – leaves, unripe berries, and all – onto the ground. This mixture is then scooped up, sifted, and dried in the sun (and sometimes in the rain, which is one of the problems with such coffees). Later the dried, shriveled fruit is stripped off the bean. Some beans may be small and deformed, shriveled, or discolored. In very poorly prepared coffee all the beans, good and bad, plus a few twigs, a little dirt, and some stones, are shipped together. The various flavor taints associated with cheap coffee – sourness, mustiness, harshness, composty taste – all derive from careless picking, fruit removal and drying.
The best preparation would run like this: The coffee cherries are selectively picked as they ripen. The same day they are picked, the outer skin is removed, exposing the pulp. The pulp-covered beans are then subject to controlled fermentation in tanks. The ferment-loosened, flabby pulp is then gently washed off the beans and they are dried, after which the last layers of skin, now dry and crumbly, are stripped from the bean by machine.
Between these two extremes – carelessly picked coffees simply put out into the sun to dry and selectively picked, wet-processed coffees – are coffees that have been dried in the old-fashioned way, with the fruit still clinging to the bean, but have been picked selectively and dried with care. These high-quality dry-processed or “natural” coffees can be superb, alive with fruity nuance.
(From https://www.coffeereview.com/coffee-reference/coffee-basics/introduction/coffee-processing-and-coffee-quality/.)
Consider the code ‘W’ for what the text calls ‘the worst preparation’ and ‘B’ for ‘the best preparation’ for the following sentences:
( ) Coffee may be exposed to weather conditions.
( ) Only ripe coffee cherries are used.
( ) Coffee beans are extracted from sun-dried cherries.
( ) Removing the skin and the layers of pulp involve different phases, some of which may involve machinery or chemical processes.
Mark the alternative bellow that reflects to which type of preparation each of the sentences above refer to, from top to bottom.
O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.
Marriage losing appeal for Korean women
By Claire Lee
For Kim Eun-jin, a 36-year-old working mother in South Korea, being at work is her “break”. She gets up at 4:30 a.m. every morning, leaves for work and returns home at about 8:30 p.m. What awaits after her long commute – she lives in Incheon and works in Seoul – are dirty dishes and unfolded laundry. She makes dinner, does the dishes, mops the floor and folds the laundry. Then she spends about 30 minutes talking to her kids – one 8, the other 12 – who are looked after by Kim’s mother-in-law during the day. There is no time for rest. She usually goes to bed after midnight. “If I get to live another life, I’d like to live as a single woman”, Kim told The Korea Herald. “I don’t necessarily regret getting married. But I don’t necessarily want to go through it again, either. I’ll admit – being married and a working mother can be really hard at times”.
Kim is one of 44 percent of South Korea’s married women who think marriage is not necessary for everyone.
According to a recent study by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, which surveyed 11,009 married women nationwide, 44 percent of the participants said marriage was only optional and not mandatory. Of the total, 6 percent said it is in fact better for women to stay single. Last week, a separate study revealed that 50 percent of Korea’s single women thought marriage is an option rather than a necessity.
Researchers said poor work-life balance and lack of financial independence may be the biggest reason why married women feel skeptical about marriage. They pointed out that married women in their 30s and 40s, as well as those with low education levels were more likely to have a negative view of married life. “Compared to women in their 20s or 50s, women in their 30s and 40s are often faced with a situation where they have to juggle child care, careers, and domestic chores all at once”, researchers wrote in the report. “This indicates that those who are the busiest are the unhappiest in their marriage”.
Meanwhile, the report showed that highly educated women felt happier in marriage than those with lower education levels. While only 2 percent of married women who have postgraduate degrees said it is better for women to stay single, almost 15 percent of those who never attended high school said the same. “Our data show that many highly educated women stay as housewives either voluntarily or involuntarily after getting married”, said KWDI researcher Kim Young-ran. “Data also show that highly educated women are more likely to marry high-earning men. The work-life balance may be better for the financially stable, highly educated married women who don’t have to have full-time jobs than those who have both professional and domestic obligations with limited financial stability”.
Kim pointed out that Korea’s male-dominated corporate culture does not allow male employees to fully participate in childcare and family life. “It’s still unthinkable for male workers to get a few days off at work to look after their sick kids”, she said. “If the work culture does not change, family life won’t change, either. And more women would avoid being married, as marriage in general gives them more work at home and this becomes a disadvantage in their careers. The fact that even married women – who have the experience of marriage – don’t exactly recommend getting married, reflects how prevalent sexism is at both home and work in Korea”. As of 2014, the latest figures by Statistics Korea showed that 22 percent of married women quit their jobs because of childcare related reasons, including employers that fire female workers who become pregnant.
(Adapted from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160719000872.)
The text starts with the sentence “For Kim Eun-jin, a 36-year-old working mother in South Korea, being at work is her ‘break’” and then there is a description of one of her typical days.
Considering its overall context, it is correct to say that:
O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.
Marriage losing appeal for Korean women
By Claire Lee
For Kim Eun-jin, a 36-year-old working mother in South Korea, being at work is her “break”. She gets up at 4:30 a.m. every morning, leaves for work and returns home at about 8:30 p.m. What awaits after her long commute – she lives in Incheon and works in Seoul – are dirty dishes and unfolded laundry. She makes dinner, does the dishes, mops the floor and folds the laundry. Then she spends about 30 minutes talking to her kids – one 8, the other 12 – who are looked after by Kim’s mother-in-law during the day. There is no time for rest. She usually goes to bed after midnight. “If I get to live another life, I’d like to live as a single woman”, Kim told The Korea Herald. “I don’t necessarily regret getting married. But I don’t necessarily want to go through it again, either. I’ll admit – being married and a working mother can be really hard at times”.
Kim is one of 44 percent of South Korea’s married women who think marriage is not necessary for everyone.
According to a recent study by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, which surveyed 11,009 married women nationwide, 44 percent of the participants said marriage was only optional and not mandatory. Of the total, 6 percent said it is in fact better for women to stay single. Last week, a separate study revealed that 50 percent of Korea’s single women thought marriage is an option rather than a necessity.
Researchers said poor work-life balance and lack of financial independence may be the biggest reason why married women feel skeptical about marriage. They pointed out that married women in their 30s and 40s, as well as those with low education levels were more likely to have a negative view of married life. “Compared to women in their 20s or 50s, women in their 30s and 40s are often faced with a situation where they have to juggle child care, careers, and domestic chores all at once”, researchers wrote in the report. “This indicates that those who are the busiest are the unhappiest in their marriage”.
Meanwhile, the report showed that highly educated women felt happier in marriage than those with lower education levels. While only 2 percent of married women who have postgraduate degrees said it is better for women to stay single, almost 15 percent of those who never attended high school said the same. “Our data show that many highly educated women stay as housewives either voluntarily or involuntarily after getting married”, said KWDI researcher Kim Young-ran. “Data also show that highly educated women are more likely to marry high-earning men. The work-life balance may be better for the financially stable, highly educated married women who don’t have to have full-time jobs than those who have both professional and domestic obligations with limited financial stability”.
Kim pointed out that Korea’s male-dominated corporate culture does not allow male employees to fully participate in childcare and family life. “It’s still unthinkable for male workers to get a few days off at work to look after their sick kids”, she said. “If the work culture does not change, family life won’t change, either. And more women would avoid being married, as marriage in general gives them more work at home and this becomes a disadvantage in their careers. The fact that even married women – who have the experience of marriage – don’t exactly recommend getting married, reflects how prevalent sexism is at both home and work in Korea”. As of 2014, the latest figures by Statistics Korea showed that 22 percent of married women quit their jobs because of childcare related reasons, including employers that fire female workers who become pregnant.
(Adapted from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160719000872.)
The third paragraph reports information from two different studies, one from the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, and the other one referred to only as a ‘separate study’. According to this paragraph, mark which of the information bellow is true (T) or false (F):
( ) Both studies reported that somewhere near 40% to 50% of the studied women considered that marrying is a choice rather than something they necessarily have to do.
( ) One of the studies pointed that over 10% of the studied women thought it was best to stay single than marrying.
( ) The first study investigated more than 10,000 women.
( ) The ‘separate study’ indicates a bigger proportion of women who consider marriage an option, when compared to the study from the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
Mark the alternative that indicates which of the sentences above are true and which are false, from top to bottom.
O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.
Marriage losing appeal for Korean women
By Claire Lee
For Kim Eun-jin, a 36-year-old working mother in South Korea, being at work is her “break”. She gets up at 4:30 a.m. every morning, leaves for work and returns home at about 8:30 p.m. What awaits after her long commute – she lives in Incheon and works in Seoul – are dirty dishes and unfolded laundry. She makes dinner, does the dishes, mops the floor and folds the laundry. Then she spends about 30 minutes talking to her kids – one 8, the other 12 – who are looked after by Kim’s mother-in-law during the day. There is no time for rest. She usually goes to bed after midnight. “If I get to live another life, I’d like to live as a single woman”, Kim told The Korea Herald. “I don’t necessarily regret getting married. But I don’t necessarily want to go through it again, either. I’ll admit – being married and a working mother can be really hard at times”.
Kim is one of 44 percent of South Korea’s married women who think marriage is not necessary for everyone.
According to a recent study by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, which surveyed 11,009 married women nationwide, 44 percent of the participants said marriage was only optional and not mandatory. Of the total, 6 percent said it is in fact better for women to stay single. Last week, a separate study revealed that 50 percent of Korea’s single women thought marriage is an option rather than a necessity.
Researchers said poor work-life balance and lack of financial independence may be the biggest reason why married women feel skeptical about marriage. They pointed out that married women in their 30s and 40s, as well as those with low education levels were more likely to have a negative view of married life. “Compared to women in their 20s or 50s, women in their 30s and 40s are often faced with a situation where they have to juggle child care, careers, and domestic chores all at once”, researchers wrote in the report. “This indicates that those who are the busiest are the unhappiest in their marriage”.
Meanwhile, the report showed that highly educated women felt happier in marriage than those with lower education levels. While only 2 percent of married women who have postgraduate degrees said it is better for women to stay single, almost 15 percent of those who never attended high school said the same. “Our data show that many highly educated women stay as housewives either voluntarily or involuntarily after getting married”, said KWDI researcher Kim Young-ran. “Data also show that highly educated women are more likely to marry high-earning men. The work-life balance may be better for the financially stable, highly educated married women who don’t have to have full-time jobs than those who have both professional and domestic obligations with limited financial stability”.
Kim pointed out that Korea’s male-dominated corporate culture does not allow male employees to fully participate in childcare and family life. “It’s still unthinkable for male workers to get a few days off at work to look after their sick kids”, she said. “If the work culture does not change, family life won’t change, either. And more women would avoid being married, as marriage in general gives them more work at home and this becomes a disadvantage in their careers. The fact that even married women – who have the experience of marriage – don’t exactly recommend getting married, reflects how prevalent sexism is at both home and work in Korea”. As of 2014, the latest figures by Statistics Korea showed that 22 percent of married women quit their jobs because of childcare related reasons, including employers that fire female workers who become pregnant.
(Adapted from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160719000872.)
Which of the following sentences can be supported with information from the text?
1. Because of their simpler lifestyles, poorer women are happier in marriage despite their lower incomes and worse working conditions.
2. Studies showed that older women, beyond their fifties, are less satisfied in marriage.
3. Women with higher education are usually happily married because they are housewives or have part-time jobs.
Mark the correct alternative.
O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.
Marriage losing appeal for Korean women
By Claire Lee
For Kim Eun-jin, a 36-year-old working mother in South Korea, being at work is her “break”. She gets up at 4:30 a.m. every morning, leaves for work and returns home at about 8:30 p.m. What awaits after her long commute – she lives in Incheon and works in Seoul – are dirty dishes and unfolded laundry. She makes dinner, does the dishes, mops the floor and folds the laundry. Then she spends about 30 minutes talking to her kids – one 8, the other 12 – who are looked after by Kim’s mother-in-law during the day. There is no time for rest. She usually goes to bed after midnight. “If I get to live another life, I’d like to live as a single woman”, Kim told The Korea Herald. “I don’t necessarily regret getting married. But I don’t necessarily want to go through it again, either. I’ll admit – being married and a working mother can be really hard at times”.
Kim is one of 44 percent of South Korea’s married women who think marriage is not necessary for everyone.
According to a recent study by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, which surveyed 11,009 married women nationwide, 44 percent of the participants said marriage was only optional and not mandatory. Of the total, 6 percent said it is in fact better for women to stay single. Last week, a separate study revealed that 50 percent of Korea’s single women thought marriage is an option rather than a necessity.
Researchers said poor work-life balance and lack of financial independence may be the biggest reason why married women feel skeptical about marriage. They pointed out that married women in their 30s and 40s, as well as those with low education levels were more likely to have a negative view of married life. “Compared to women in their 20s or 50s, women in their 30s and 40s are often faced with a situation where they have to juggle child care, careers, and domestic chores all at once”, researchers wrote in the report. “This indicates that those who are the busiest are the unhappiest in their marriage”.
Meanwhile, the report showed that highly educated women felt happier in marriage than those with lower education levels. While only 2 percent of married women who have postgraduate degrees said it is better for women to stay single, almost 15 percent of those who never attended high school said the same. “Our data show that many highly educated women stay as housewives either voluntarily or involuntarily after getting married”, said KWDI researcher Kim Young-ran. “Data also show that highly educated women are more likely to marry high-earning men. The work-life balance may be better for the financially stable, highly educated married women who don’t have to have full-time jobs than those who have both professional and domestic obligations with limited financial stability”.
Kim pointed out that Korea’s male-dominated corporate culture does not allow male employees to fully participate in childcare and family life. “It’s still unthinkable for male workers to get a few days off at work to look after their sick kids”, she said. “If the work culture does not change, family life won’t change, either. And more women would avoid being married, as marriage in general gives them more work at home and this becomes a disadvantage in their careers. The fact that even married women – who have the experience of marriage – don’t exactly recommend getting married, reflects how prevalent sexism is at both home and work in Korea”. As of 2014, the latest figures by Statistics Korea showed that 22 percent of married women quit their jobs because of childcare related reasons, including employers that fire female workers who become pregnant.
(Adapted from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160719000872.)
The last paragraph of the text refers to the role of Korean corporate culture in the topic of the satisfaction of women with marriage in Korea.
Which information is supported by this paragraph?
O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.
Toronto’s homicide rate is now higher than New York’s
By Lauren O’Neil
Posted in June, 2018
With just days to go before the halfway point of 2018, Toronto Police have confirmed at least 48 homicides within the city since January 1. That’s more than double the 23 we’d seen last year at this point. Five people were killed last weekend alone – four of them by guns – prompting both Police Chief Mark Saunders and Mayor John Tory to express public concern over a recent spike in shooting deaths. “The incidents of gun violence we have seen in our city in the past few days are shocking and can in no way be accepted or brushed aside”, said Mayor Tory late last month following a rash of high-profile killings. “As mayor, I am troubled by every act of violence in our city regardless of where it happens”. I’m pretty sure Toronto is gonna break a murder record set in 1991 anyways (when it endured 89 murders). The earliest time when the city had 48 murders in 1991 was on July 1st.
University of Toronto Associate Professor of Criminology Scot Wortley, an expert in crime statistics, says that, based on an estimated population of 2.93 million, Toronto has a current crime rate of 1.67 per 100,000 people. New York City, which has an estimated population of 8.62 million, had seen 130 homicides at the same point, according to the NYPD’s CompStat crime data portal. Wortley says this would put New York’s homicide rate at 1.51 per 100,000 people.
“So yes – Toronto is slightly higher than NYC”, says Wortley. “However, these homicide rates are far lower than other major U.S. and Canadian cities”. It’s also of note that NYC has seen a marked decrease in its overall crime rate over the past few years. So... take this little factoid with a grain of salt. And you don’t have to freak out too much over the spike in shootings just yet, says Saunders.
“Historically, when it comes to gun play in the city, there are peaks and valleys, and when we hit those peaks everybody gets alarmed, and then it calms down”, said the police chief in an interview on Monday. “During those moments where the peaks are occurring, we have to remember what the patterns have been telling us, year after year”.
(Adapted from https://www.blogto.com/city/2018/06/toronto-homicide-rate-now-higher-new-york/.)
The text was posted in June, 2018, and some of the information concerns the period between January to June of various years. According to the text, mark which of the information bellow is true (T) or false (F):
( ) The number of murders in Toronto, by the time the text was posted, was somewhere around twice as high as the number of murders of the previous year (also compared with the same period of 2017).
( ) The author considers that 2018 may break a new record in the number of murders in Toronto, which was in the year of 1991.
( ) The first half of the years of 2018 and 1991 displayed roughly similar numbers of murder cases in Toronto.
( ) If the author’s predictions are correct, by the end of 2018 no more than 80 murders may be recorded in Toronto.
Mark the alternative that indicates which of the sentences above are true and which are false, from top to bottom.