One of the main events in recent mankind history is the foundation of the United Nations Organization (UNO/UN). Among its outstanding missions is its commitment to avoid war between nations.
United Nations peacekeeping is a unique and dynamic instrument developed by the Organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict and create the conditions for lasting peace. The first UN peacekeeping mission was established in 1948, when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbours. Since then, there have been a total of 64 UN peacekeeping operations around the world.
The term peacekeeping is not found in the United Nations Charter and defies simple definition. Dag Hammarskjöld, the second UN Secretary-General, referred to it as belonging to Chapter Six and a Half of the Charter, placing it between traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully, such as negotiation and mediation under Chapter VI, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII.
Over the years, UN peacekeeping has evolved to meet the demands of different conflicts and a changing political landscape. The missions consisted of military observers and lightly armed troops with monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles in support of ceasefires and limited peace agreements. The Brazilian role in Haiti is a worth mentioning example of a peace-making mission.
Internet: <www.un.org> (adapted).
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Along the years, UNO missions focused on three actions.