UEG 2020/1
65 Questões
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Cómo es la planta ecológica que produce “insectos de exportación”
Mendoza (Bolivia) exportará 162 millones de moscas del Mediterráneo, machos esterilizados (incapaces de reproducirse) que partirán a Bolivia para cruzarse con insectos de aquella región. Es para luchar contra la especie, que es plaga y afecta a diversas especies de cultivos frutales.
La planta industrial donde se producen estos y otros insectos es considerada modelo en el país en el reemplazo de agroquímicos con técnicas amigables con el medioambiente. También se producen allí millones de vaquitas de San Antonio, conocidas como mariquitas, para disminuir los insectos perjudiciales como pulgas, ácaros y otros parásitos que afectan a las plantas.
La Bioplanta es una gran fábrica de insectos donde cada sala reproduce las condiciones apropiadas para cada estadio biológico de la mosca del Mediterráneo. Está en el municipio de Santa Rosa, a 90 kilómetros de la capital mendocina, y depende del Instituto de Sanidad y Calidad Agropecuaria Mendoza (Iscamen), que depende del Ministerio de Economía, Infraestructura y Energía. Produce 450 millones de insectos por semana, de los cuales 23 millones son enviados para asistir al programa de control de esa plaga en la Patagonia.
La entrega del material biológico a Bolivia comienza este mes de octubre y se realizará durante 54 semanas, a razón de tres millones de ejemplares por semana. "Es el primer país donde exportamos nuestro material biológico, es un puntapié inicial para la posibilidad de asistir con este tipo de material a distintos países que ya lo han pedido, como Turquía, España o Chile”.
La Bioplanta se desarrolló en 2015 durante el Gobierno de Alfredo Cornejo (UCR). Desafortunadamente la Bioplanta luego cayó en deterioro, sin adquisición de tecnología y con caída de la calidad del material biológico. Solo se producían 100 millones semanales de insectos estériles, lo que provocó que Mendoza perdiera el estatus de libre de mosca del Mediterráneo, y la imposibilidad para los productores de vender su mercancía fuera de la provincia. En 2017 se recuperó el estatus “libre de la plaga de los frutos” y se empezó a proveer a la Patagonia de los animales estériles.
Tense un enorme potencial en la materia y una vez llegado a los estándares más altos, hubo la propuesta de vender a terceros países este material pero, sobre todo, exportar la experiencia de los técnicos y profesionales que, durante 20 años, han trabajado en el Iscamen. Ya hay pedidos de Turquía, España y Chile.
El control de la mosca del Mediterráneo se realiza a través de la técnica del Insecto Estéril, que consiste en la cría masiva de insectos a los que se esteriliza para, luego, ser liberados en la naturaleza y en gran número. Estos insectos esterilizados pueden competir y aparearse con los insectos silvestres. Como resultado, se produce una reducción de la fertilidad de la población natural, con la disminución de la cantidad de plaga, hasta provocar, incluso, su desaparición.
Disponível em: https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/planta-ecologica-produce-insectos-exportacion-_0_hBFXtO-v.html. Acesso em: 16 out. 2019. (Adaptado).
Tras leer el texto Cómo es la planta ecológica que produce “insectos de exportación”, la expresión ‘planta ecológica’ se refiere a
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate.
To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
Considering the ideas expressed in the text, artificial intelligence (AI) systems
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Cómo es la planta ecológica que produce “insectos de exportación”
Mendoza (Bolivia) exportará 162 millones de moscas del Mediterráneo, machos esterilizados (incapaces de reproducirse) que partirán a Bolivia para cruzarse con insectos de aquella región. Es para luchar contra la especie, que es plaga y afecta a diversas especies de cultivos frutales.
La planta industrial donde se producen estos y otros insectos es considerada modelo en el país en el reemplazo de agroquímicos con técnicas amigables con el medioambiente. También se producen allí millones de vaquitas de San Antonio, conocidas como mariquitas, para disminuir los insectos perjudiciales como pulgas, ácaros y otros parásitos que afectan a las plantas.
La Bioplanta es una gran fábrica de insectos donde cada sala reproduce las condiciones apropiadas para cada estadio biológico de la mosca del Mediterráneo. Está en el municipio de Santa Rosa, a 90 kilómetros de la capital mendocina, y depende del Instituto de Sanidad y Calidad Agropecuaria Mendoza (Iscamen), que depende del Ministerio de Economía, Infraestructura y Energía. Produce 450 millones de insectos por semana, de los cuales 23 millones son enviados para asistir al programa de control de esa plaga en la Patagonia.
La entrega del material biológico a Bolivia comienza este mes de octubre y se realizará durante 54 semanas, a razón de tres millones de ejemplares por semana. "Es el primer país donde exportamos nuestro material biológico, es un puntapié inicial para la posibilidad de asistir con este tipo de material a distintos países que ya lo han pedido, como Turquía, España o Chile”.
La Bioplanta se desarrolló en 2015 durante el Gobierno de Alfredo Cornejo (UCR). Desafortunadamente la Bioplanta luego cayó en deterioro, sin adquisición de tecnología y con caída de la calidad del material biológico. Solo se producían 100 millones semanales de insectos estériles, lo que provocó que Mendoza perdiera el estatus de libre de mosca del Mediterráneo, y la imposibilidad para los productores de vender su mercancía fuera de la provincia. En 2017 se recuperó el estatus “libre de la plaga de los frutos” y se empezó a proveer a la Patagonia de los animales estériles.
Tense un enorme potencial en la materia y una vez llegado a los estándares más altos, hubo la propuesta de vender a terceros países este material pero, sobre todo, exportar la experiencia de los técnicos y profesionales que, durante 20 años, han trabajado en el Iscamen. Ya hay pedidos de Turquía, España y Chile.
El control de la mosca del Mediterráneo se realiza a través de la técnica del Insecto Estéril, que consiste en la cría masiva de insectos a los que se esteriliza para, luego, ser liberados en la naturaleza y en gran número. Estos insectos esterilizados pueden competir y aparearse con los insectos silvestres. Como resultado, se produce una reducción de la fertilidad de la población natural, con la disminución de la cantidad de plaga, hasta provocar, incluso, su desaparición.
Disponível em: https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/planta-ecologica-produce-insectos-exportacion-_0_hBFXtO-v.html. Acesso em: 16 out. 2019. (Adaptado).
Considerando las ideas presentadas en el texto Cómo es la planta ecológica que produce “insectos de exportación”, se indica que La Bioplanta
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate.
To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
Analisando-se os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Cómo es la planta ecológica que produce “insectos de exportación”
Mendoza (Bolivia) exportará 162 millones de moscas del Mediterráneo, machos esterilizados (incapaces de reproducirse) que partirán a Bolivia para cruzarse con insectos de aquella región. Es para luchar contra la especie, que es plaga y afecta a diversas especies de cultivos frutales.
La planta industrial donde se producen estos y otros insectos es considerada modelo en el país en el reemplazo de agroquímicos con técnicas amigables con el medioambiente. También se producen allí millones de vaquitas de San Antonio, conocidas como mariquitas, para disminuir los insectos perjudiciales como pulgas, ácaros y otros parásitos que afectan a las plantas.
La Bioplanta es una gran fábrica de insectos donde cada sala reproduce las condiciones apropiadas para cada estadio biológico de la mosca del Mediterráneo. Está en el municipio de Santa Rosa, a 90 kilómetros de la capital mendocina, y depende del Instituto de Sanidad y Calidad Agropecuaria Mendoza (Iscamen), que depende del Ministerio de Economía, Infraestructura y Energía. Produce 450 millones de insectos por semana, de los cuales 23 millones son enviados para asistir al programa de control de esa plaga en la Patagonia.
La entrega del material biológico a Bolivia comienza este mes de octubre y se realizará durante 54 semanas, a razón de tres millones de ejemplares por semana. "Es el primer país donde exportamos nuestro material biológico, es un puntapié inicial para la posibilidad de asistir con este tipo de material a distintos países que ya lo han pedido, como Turquía, España o Chile”.
La Bioplanta se desarrolló en 2015 durante el Gobierno de Alfredo Cornejo (UCR). Desafortunadamente la Bioplanta luego cayó en deterioro, sin adquisición de tecnología y con caída de la calidad del material biológico. Solo se producían 100 millones semanales de insectos estériles, lo que provocó que Mendoza perdiera el estatus de libre de mosca del Mediterráneo, y la imposibilidad para los productores de vender su mercancía fuera de la provincia. En 2017 se recuperó el estatus “libre de la plaga de los frutos” y se empezó a proveer a la Patagonia de los animales estériles.
Tense un enorme potencial en la materia y una vez llegado a los estándares más altos, hubo la propuesta de vender a terceros países este material pero, sobre todo, exportar la experiencia de los técnicos y profesionales que, durante 20 años, han trabajado en el Iscamen. Ya hay pedidos de Turquía, España y Chile.
El control de la mosca del Mediterráneo se realiza a través de la técnica del Insecto Estéril, que consiste en la cría masiva de insectos a los que se esteriliza para, luego, ser liberados en la naturaleza y en gran número. Estos insectos esterilizados pueden competir y aparearse con los insectos silvestres. Como resultado, se produce una reducción de la fertilidad de la población natural, con la disminución de la cantidad de plaga, hasta provocar, incluso, su desaparición.
Disponível em: https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/planta-ecologica-produce-insectos-exportacion-_0_hBFXtO-v.html. Acesso em: 16 out. 2019. (Adaptado).
Analisando-se os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate.
To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que o trecho