Questões de Inglês - Vocabulary
No meme, a inadequação da resposta à questão está baseada no efeito de sentido proveniente da presença de
In this life
Sitting on a park bench
Thinking about a friend of mine
He was only twenty-three
Gone before he had his time.
It came without a warning
Didn't want his friends to see him cry
He knew the day was dawning
And | didn't have a chance to say goodbye. .
MADONNA. Erotica. Estados Unidos: Maverick, 1992.
A canção, muitas vezes, é uma forma de manifestar sentimentos e emoções da vida cotidiana. Por exemplo, o sofrimento retratado nessa canção foi causado
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'I'm 30 and live at home with my parents'.
Reasons for staying at home range from the culturally acceptable to the financial.
Derek Radcliffe, 30, Calgary, Canada
"I have lived my whole life in Calgary, an oil and gas-based city. I saw an abundance of oil and gas jobs in the industry growing up, and becoming a petroleum geologist seemed like a natural course to take.
"I was thrilled when I got my first permanent job at a small oil company, and later I had saved enough money for a down payment on a small townhouse.
"But in July 2016 the company I worked for declared bankruptcy as the price of oil fell. I received no severance but I was able to sell my townhouse (at a loss) right before the company went under.
"My parents and I have always had a good relationship and they were gracious enough to let me move back in with them. They recognize and understand the issues young Canadians encounter.
"A lot of my friends are in the same position and understand the situation I am in. If anything, it's me who is putting pressure on myself to leave home.
"There is still considerable volatility in my employment and in the Canadian oil and gas industry. I am not confident in moving forward and purchasing or renting a new place.
"I would now consider myself in a place of 'precarious employment'. I have no employment insurance, no health or dental coverage. I am not alone in my career uncertainty. I feel I have done everything right, but I still feel anxiety towards the future of my career.
"Right now, 'leaving the nest' is just not a financially wise decision."
(In: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-44236706. Acesso em: 26/05/18. Adaptado)
In the third paragraph, "bankruptcy", "severance" and "at a loss", in the respective order, mean
The placebo effect: amazing and real
November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling
The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been
fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless
as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their
recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use
placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in
an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug.
Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the
active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help
researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall
please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many
patients who take a placebo show improvement in their
symptoms or condition.
The placebo effect is for real
Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how
powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment
aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological
changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to
those observed among people taking effective medications.
In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results
have been shown to improve among subsets of research
subjects who responded to a placebo.
Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a
placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications
at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion.
Understanding why certain people improve with placebo
treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.
Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin
The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If
you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so.
And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more
likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is
called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For
example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common
side effect of a particular medication, that person is more
likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a
placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably
plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of
commonly prescribed medications.
(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
No trecho do quarto parágrafo “Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion.”, o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a
Brazil wants to count trees in the Amazon rainforest
By Channtal Fleischfresser
February 11, 2013
Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon, about half of what remains of the world’s tropical rainforests. And now, the country has plans to count its trees. A vast undertaking, the new National Forest Inventory hopes to gain “a broad panorama of the quality and the conditions in the forest cover”, according to Brazil’s Forestry Minister Antonio Carlos Hummel.
The census, set to take place over the next four years, will scour 3,288,000 square miles, sampling 20,000 points at 20 kilometer intervals and registering the number, height, diameter, and species of the trees, among other data.
The initiative, aimed to better allocate resources to the country’s forests, is part of a large-scale turnaround in Brazil’s relationship to its forests. While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed – a reduction of nearly 80% compared to 2004.
(www.smartplanet.com. Adaptado.
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo – Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon –, a palavra roughly equivale, em português, a
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Hero for All: Martin Luther King, Jr.
Civil Rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., never backed down in his stand against racism. Learn more about the life of this courageous hero who inspired millions of people to right a historical wrong
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1929. At the time in that part of the country, segregation—or the separation of races in places like schools, buses, and restaurants—was the law. He experienced racial prejudice from the time he was very young, which inspired him to dedicate his life to achieving equality and justice for Americans of all colors. King believed that peaceful refusal to obey unjust law was the best way to bring about social change.
King and his wife, Coretta Scott King, lead demonstrators on the fourth day of a historic fiveday march in 1965. Starting in Selma, Alabama, where local African Americans had been campaigning for the right to vote, King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators 54 miles to the state capitol of Montgomery.
King was arrested several times during his lifetime. In 1960, he joined black college students in a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter. Presidential candidate John F. Kennedy interceded to have King released from jail, an action that is credited with helping Kennedy win the presidency.
Excerpt from the site https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/history/mart in-luther-king-jr/ researched in August, 2019.
In the sentence: King was arrested several times during his lifetime.
The word in bold CAN BE replaced with no changing in the meaning of the sentence by the term:
